Heart and ECG

Question 1

The cranial (top) portion of the heart that is the point of attachment for blood vessels entering and exiting the heart

Answer 1

Base

Question 2

The pointed, caudal end of the heart and a region of the left ventricle

Answer 2

Apex

Question 3

The artery leading from the aorta that traverses the surface of the heart and brings blood to the heart muscle

Answer 3

Coronary Artery

Question 4

What are the three layers of the heart, from outside to inside?

Answer 4

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 5

The double walled connective tissue covering of the heart whose inner surface is attached to the heart

Answer 5

Epicardium

Question 6

The muscle layer of the heart

Answer 6

Myocardium

Question 7

The innermost layer of the heart wall with endothelial lining

Answer 7

Endocardium

Question 8

Left and right appendages on the atria with pectinate muscles lining the interior

Answer 8

Auricles

Question 9

Thin-walled chambers that receive blood from large veins

Answer 9

Atria

Question 10

The wall that separates the two atria

Answer 10

Interatrial septum

Question 11

Oval-shaped depression ventral to the entrance of the cranial vena cava inot the right atrium that was once a portal through which fetal blood by-passed the pulmonary circulation and flowed into the left side of the heart to be pumped to the body

Answer 11

Fossa ovalis

Question 12

Thick walled chambers of the heart that force blood out of the heart into the major arteries

Answer 12

Ventricles

Question 13

The ____ _____ pushes blood into the pulmonary trunk

Answer 13

Right Ventricle

Question 14

The ____ ____ pushes blood into the aorta for circulation throughout the body. It has the thickest myocardium

Answer 14

Left Ventricle

Question 15

In the ventricles, prevent the valve from everting into the atrium when the ventricle contracts and forces blood against the ventricular side of the valve

Answer 15

Chordae Tendinea

Question 16

Muscular protrusions that anchor the chordae tendinae to the ventricle wall

Answer 16

Papillary Muscles

Question 17

A cord that crosses the lumen of the right ventricle and is thought to prevent over distension of the right ventricle. It contains purkinje fibers that may act as an extension of the bundle branches in the conducting of electrical impulses

Answer 17

Trabecula Septomarginalis

Question 18

This semilunar valve is located at the junction of the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk and prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricle.

Answer 18

Pulmonary Valve

Question 19

This semilunar valve is located at the junction of the left ventricle and the aorta

Answer 19

Aortic valve

Question 20

This valve is between the right atrium and the right ventricle. Is it bicuspid or tricuspid?

Answer 20

Right AV valve

Tricuspid

Question 21

This valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle. Is it bicuspid or tricuspid?

Answer 21

• Left AV valve

- Bicuspid

Question 22

Large blood vessel that enters the right atrium

Answer 22

Vena cava

Question 23

Large blood vessel that enters the left atrium

Answer 23

Pulmonary Vein

Question 24

Large blood vessel that leave the right ventricle

Answer 24

Pulmonary artery

Question 25

Large blood vessel that leaves the left ventricle

Answer 25

Aorta

Question 26

What is the path of blood through the heart?

Answer 26

[deoxygenated blood]: enters the right atrium through the cranial and caudal vena cava, flows through the right AV valve (tricuspid) to the right ventricle, flows through the Right semilunar (pulomnary) valve and out to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries. [oxygenated blood]: enters the left atrium through the pulmonary veins, flows into the left ventricle through the left AV (bicuspid) valve, flows out of the ventricle through the left semilunar (aortic) valve, and out to systemic circulation through the aorta

Question 27

The measurement area in an ECG that begins and ends on the isoelectric line and corresponds to depolarization of the left and right atria.

Answer 27

P wave

Question 28

The measurement area in an ECG that begins and ends on the isoelectric line from the start of Q wave to the end of S wave. It corresponds to depolarization of the left and right ventricles.

Answer 28

QRS complex

Question 29

The measurement area in an ECG that begins and ends on the isoelectric line that corresponds to repolarization of the left and right ventricles

Answer 29

T wave

Question 30

The measurement area in an ECG that is from the start of P wave to the start of the QRS complex. It represents the time of impulse conduction from the AV node to the ventricular myocardium.

Answer 30

P-R segment

Question 31

The measurement area in an ECG that is from the peak of an R wave to the peak of a succeeding R wave and represents the time between two successive ventricular depolarizations.

Answer 31

R-R segment

Question 32

On an ECG, where does ventricular systole occur?

Answer 32

From the peak of the QRS complex to just after the peak of the T wave

Question 33

On an ECG, where does ventricular diastole occur?

Answer 33

From just after the peak of the T wave to the beginning of the QRS complex

Question 34

What does ECG stand for and what does it measure?

Answer 34

- Electrocardiography (electrocardiogram) | - Measures electrical and mechanical activity of the heart

Question 35

In an ECG, what is amplitude measured in?

Answer 35

mV