Heart and Great Vessels

Question 1

Invented the cardiac catheterization

Answer 1

Werner Forssman

Question 2

Conducted the first heart transplant

Answer 2

Dr. Christian Barnard

Question 3

Invented the stethoscope

Answer 3

Renee Laenee

Question 4

Condition wherein there is a narrowing of a valve

Answer 4

Stenosis

Question 5

Sign of an abnormality, particularly with respect to blood flow through a valve

Answer 5

Murmur

Question 6

Where can you hear the apex beat / point of maximum impulse?

Answer 6

5th L. ICS, 6-10 cm from the midline

Question 7

Where is Erb’s point?

Answer 7

3rd L. ICS

Question 8

Tough, unyielding, external, superficial layer of the pericardium

Answer 8

Fibrous pericardium

Question 9

The fibrous pericardium is attached anteriorly to _____________ and posteriorly to _____________. It is continuous superiorly with ____________ and ______________ and then inferiorly with the _______________.

Answer 9

Sternopericardial ligament
Pericardiophrenic ligament
Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia and tunica adventitia of the great vessels
Central tendon of the diaphragm

Question 10

Pericardial layer that consists mainly of mesothelium (single layer of flattened cells forming an epithelium)

Answer 10

Serous pericardium

Question 11

Layer of the serous pericardium that lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium:

Answer 11

Parietal layer

Question 12

Layer of the serous pericardium that lines the heart, forming the epicardium:

Answer 12

Visceral layer

Question 13

Potential space between parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium

Answer 13

Pericardial cavity

Question 14

Main arterial supply of the pericardium:

Answer 14

Pericardiophrenic artery

Question 15

Main venous drainage of the pericardium:

Answer 15

Pericardiophrenic vein

Question 16

What are the sensory innervations of the phrenic nerve?

Answer 16

Fibrous pericardium

Parietal layer of serous pericardium (visceral layer doesn’t have sensory innervation)

Question 17

Transverse sinus separates what structures?

Answer 17

Group 1: Aorta and pulmonary arteries

Group 2: SVC, IVC, Pulmonary veins

Question 18

Blind ending passage posterior to the heart formed by the reflections of the visceral and parietal pericardium onto the vessels traversing the space

Answer 18

Oblique sinus

Question 19

Main constituent of the base of the heart:

Answer 19

Left atrium

Question 20

Attachment of myocardium and valvular cusps

Answer 20

Fibrous rings of the Fibrous skeleton

Question 21

Protein component of fibrous skeleton

Answer 21

Collagen

Question 22

Origin and insertion of myocardium

Answer 22

Origin: Fibrous ring of pulmonary valve
Insertion: Fibrous ring of aortic valve

Question 23

Connection between fibrous rings

Answer 23

Fibrous trigone

Question 24

Smooth and rough parts of atrial wall are separated by:

Answer 24

Sulcus terminalis (from outside)
Crista terminalis (from inside)

Question 25

Which part of the atrium does the SVC and IVC open?

Answer 25

Sinus venarum

Question 26

Where does the coronary sinus open?

Answer 26

Between atrioventricular orifice and orifice of IVC

Question 27

Separates the conus arteriosus/infundibulum and the muscular part of the right ventricle

Answer 27

Supraventricular crest

Question 28

Curved muscular bundle that serves as a shortcut from inferior interventricular septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle. It carries the right branch of the AV bundle.

Answer 28

Septomarginal trabecula

Question 29

Where do the anterior, posterior, and septal papillary muscles attach to?

Answer 29

Anterior: Anterior and posterior cusps Septal: Anterior and septal cusps Posterior: Posterior and septal cusps

Question 30

Smooth-walled region of the left ventricle

Answer 30

Aortic vestibule

Question 31

How many degrees is the blood turning entering the left ventricle?

Answer 31

180 degrees

Question 32

Where is the location of the opening of the left and right coronary arteries?

Answer 32

Right coronary artery = Right aortic sinus | Left coronary artery = Left aortic sinus

Question 33

Valve of the coronary sinus to atrium

Answer 33

Thebsian valve

Question 34

What supplies the SA and AV nodes?

Answer 34

Sinuatrial artery and AV nodal artery (branches of the right coronary artery) SA node is 40% supplied by left coronary artery

Question 35

Congenital heart defect involving a heart that includes a stenotic pulmonary valve, an aorta that rise from both ventricles, and an enlarged right ventricle

Answer 35

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 36

Mitral valve stenosis causes which murmur?

Answer 36

Diastolic murmur

Question 37

Mitral regurgitation causes which murmur?

Answer 37

Systolic murmur

Question 38

Aortic valve stenosis causes which murmur?

Answer 38

Systolic murmur