Heart and Lung anatomy (Exam 1) Flashcards by Amy Renfro

describe blood flow through heart

blood comes into R atria via superior and inferior vena cavas–> thru the tricuspid valve into the R ventricle, through the pulmonary semilunar valve up through the pulmonary arteries and to the lungs where it gets reoxygenated. Oxygen rich blood then goes back to heart through pulmonary veins into L atrium. From L atria–> through mitral valve (bicuspid valve) to the L ventricle where it leaves via aortic semilunar valve to go out to the whole body

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what ventricle forms most of the base and the apex of the heart

L ventricle, apex extends into the 5th intercostal space.

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diaphragmatic surface of the heart

left ventricle

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sternocostal surface of the heart

R atrium and ventricle

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what are the margins of the heart?
obtuse
acute
right

obtuse margin: (L) left ventricle
acute margin: (inferior) R ventricle
Right margin: superior vena cava and R atrium

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what is the coronary sulcus of the heart

seperates L atrium and ventricle (where coronary sinus lays)

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what is the fossa ovalis?

where the foramen ovale used to be in the fetal heart to allow blood to skip the lungs and go straight from R atrium to L atrium

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what is the name of the jxn between rough pectinate mm and smooth sinus venarum

Crista terminalis

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what collects in the coronary sinus?

venous blood that has already passed thru the cardiac mm

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layers of pericardium

fibrous (outer)
Parietal serous (up against fibroud and secretes fluid to reduce friction)
fluid layer
visceral serious (ON heart)

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what nerve innervates the pericardium and carries afferent info back from the pericardium?
What A&V supply the pericardium with blood?

pericardiophrenic N.

pericardiophrenic A&V

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how do the coronary AA get blood pushed into them?

during elastic recoil of the aorta during diastole the blood gets pushed into the coronary AA

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annuli fibrosi

four firmly connective tissue extensions that form 2 rings and seperates the myocardial mm of the atria from that of the ventricles, also creates a rigid attachment for all 4 valves to form around

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what valve slams shut to cause S1

mitral valve

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what happens if a papillary mm holding the mitral valve closed ruptures

mitral valve prolapse

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what does mitral valve prolapse sound like?

lub click dub

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what valves closes at the end of systole to make the dub sound?

pulmonary and aortic valves

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what pathology sounds like leather rubbing and is caused by decreased serous fluid in the pericardial sac?

friction rub

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myocardial blood supply:

right coronary artery

comes from R aortic sinus
supplies:
R atrium, SA and AV nodes, posterior portion of IV septum

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artery to SA node

60% come from R cor. A
supplies:
SA node and pulmonary trunk

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right marginal branch A

comes from R cor. A
supplies:
Rt. vent. and apex

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post. interventricular A (post. descending)

comes from R cor. A
supplies:
R and L vents and IV septum

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AV node artery

80% come from R coronary A
supplies:
AV node

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L coronary A

comes from L aortic sinus
supplies:
L atrium and vent
IV septum
AV bundle and AV node (40% of the time)

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Artery to SA node

40% comes from circumflex branch Supplies: A node and L atrium

Anterior interventricular A | LAD, left ant. descending

comes from L cor. A supplies: R and L vents and IV septum

circumflex A

comes from L cor. A supplies: L atrium and Ventricles

L marginal branch A | if present

comes from L circumflex supplies: L border of L vent.

R coronary A supplies...

``` R atrium most of R vent diaphragmatic surface of L vent post 1/3 or AV septum SA node in 60% of peeps AV node in 80% of peeps ```

L coronary A supplies...

L atrium most of L vent ant. 2/3 of AV septum (including AV bundles) SA node in 40% of peeps

what percentage of ppl have R dominant distribution of arterial supply to heart?

70%

what is R dominant distribution?

Post. Int. Vent. A arises from the R coronary A

what is L dominant distribution?

only 10% of people, when circumflex branch of L coronary gives off the posterior inverventricular instead of it coming from the R coronary A.

what is balanced distribution?

20% of people, occurs when both R and L coronary AA supply the posterior inverventricular AA

great cardiac V goes with which A?

Ant. Inter Vent. A

middle cardiac V goes with which A?

Post. Int. Vent. A

small cardiac V goes with which A?

R marginal branch A

what do the ant. cardiac VV do?

drain sternocostal surface of R vent. directly into R atrium

Symp. NN have _______ pre synaptic and __________post synaptic neurons

short pre | long post

parasymp. NN have _____pre synaptic and ________post synaptic neurons

long pre | short post

when does the tricuspid valve close?

at beginning of systole

when does the bicuspid (mitral valve close)

at beginning of systole

what makes the first heart sound of "lub"

closing of AV valves at start of systole

what makes the second heart sound of "dub"

closing of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) at the end of systole

when do the semilunar valves close?

at the end of systole

Best place to listen to heart valve sounds?

All- AORTIC- R side, 2nd int. space, next to sternum Physicians- PULMONARY- L side, 2nd int. space, next to sternum Take- TRICUSPID- L side, 5th int. space right by sternum Money- MITRAL- L side, 5th space, mid clavicular line

4 functions of respiratory system

gas exchange fluid exchange filtration metabolism

upper ribs move like a _______handle, the lower ribs move like a _________ handle?

upper=pump handle | lower= bucket handle

in what position does your diaphragm have the most room for excursion?

supine

mm in quiet inspiration:

diaphragm ext. intercostals tiny bit of int. intercostals

mm in quiet expiration

passive recoil of lungs and diaphragm | abs

mm in forced inspiration

``` diaphragm and ex. intercostals plus... SCM scalenes levator scap levator costarum serratus posterior superior ```

mm in forced expiration

``` passive recoil and abs plus... rectus abdominis int. and ext. obliques internal intercostals serratus posterior inferior ```

visceral and parietal pleuras are continuous with each other at what point?

the hilum

pleura of lungs

parietal: several parts, against rest of cavity, costal pleura, mediastinal pleura, diaphragmatic pleura, cervical pleura. then u have the fluid then the visceral pleura which is right directly on the lung

what is unique about the pulmonary ligament?

its not REALLY a ligament! just extensions of membranes, but does give slight support/stability to lungs

anatomy of R lung

superior lobe middle lobe inferior lobe oblique fissure separates superior and inferior lobes horizontal fissure separates superior lobe from middle lobe.

Anatomy of L lung

superior lobe inferior lobe separated by oblique fissure too!

each lung has 3 principal surfaces, what are they?

``` costal surface (contact ribs, cost. cartilages and sternum) mediastinal surface (contact sides of vert. bodies) diaphragmatic surfaces (convex dome of diaphragm) ```

what defines a bronchopulmonary segment?

the bronchi, the pulm. AA and the pulm. VV draining that section of lung- so they can be surgically removed without disrupting the rest of the lung! (great design God)!

bronchopulmonary segments in the upper lobe

anterior apical posterior

bronchopulmonary segments in the middle lobe

lingula

bronchopulmonary segments in the lower lobe

superior posterior lateral anterior

pneumothorax

traumatic injury to the wall of lung or infection in the lung itself that allows air to get into the pleural cavity and causes lung to collapse

hemothorax

blood in the pleural cavity (damage to int. vv/aa)

hydrothorax

fluid in the pleural cavity (CHF, infection)

atelectasis

sound of collapsed alveoli, sound they make when they pop back open, like snap,crackle, pop

what will an X ray show with a collapsed lung

raised diaphragm on affected side dec. intercostal spaces on affected side shift of mediastinum toward affected side

the L pulmonary artery is attached to teh arch of the aorta by the...??

ligamentum arteriosum

the R pulmonary A crosses under what to reach the R lung?

the aortic arch

the 2 small AA on the L that supply oxygenated blood to the bronchial tree come off what main A?

descending aorta

the 1 small A that supplies the bronchial tree with oxygenated blood comes off what bigger A?

3rd post. intercostal A .

what does the Vagus N do in the lungs?

bronchial constriction dilates pulm. arterial smooth mm increased glandular secretions

what does sympathetic nerve stimulation do in the lungs?

bronchial relaxation, contriction of smooth mm decreased glandular secretions

Heart and Lung anatomy (Exam 1) Flashcards

(74 cards)