Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSS - CV Exam 1 > Heart and Lungs - 1 > Flashcards

Heart and Lungs - 1 Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is in the upper respiratory tract?

A

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses
pharynx
larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is in the lower respiratory tract?

A

trachea
bronchii
lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is contained in the pulmonary cavities?

A

lungs, pleura, pleural cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

tracheobronchial tree?

A

multiple levels of airway branching from trachea to alveoli

18 to 22 divisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

course of trachea?

A

begins CV6
runs along midline
bifurcates at transverse thoracic plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

structure of trachea?

A

has C-shaped hyaline cartilage bars

posteriorly filled with trachealis muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

trachealis

A

longitudinal smooth muscle on posterior portion of trachea cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

carina?

A

last cartilage ring located at bifurcation of trachea

projects into lumen

identifiable on chest xray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

vascular supply for trachea?

A

bronchial, inferior thyroid vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lymphatic supply for trachea?

A

paratrachea lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

innervation of trachea?

A

recurrent laryngeal branches of vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bronchial carcinomas?

A

can cause carina to be distorted

due to spread of metastatic cancer into tracheobronchial lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

right vs left bronchi?

A

right - wider, shorter, vertically oriented

**foreign objects more likely in right bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

secondary bronchi?

A

branches of primary

left - 2 branches
right - 3 branches

goes to the lobes of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tertiary bronchi?

A

aka segmental bronchi

branches of the secondary bronchi

right - 10 segments
left - 8-10 segments

supply bronchopulmonary segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

branching of tertiary bronchi?

A

branch 18-20 times
bronchioles gives rise to alveolar ducts

alveolar ducts give rise to alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

alveoli

A

thin walled structures which compose parenchyma of lungs are and visualized with microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

composition of pleura

A

simple squamous epithelial cells and thin layer of loose connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

function of pleura

A

smooth surface for lungs to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

secretions of pleura?

A

serosal fluid

fills pleural cavity and provides lubrication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

visceral pleura

A

adherent to all external surfaces of lungs
-including fissures

continuous with parietal pleura at hilum of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

parietal pleura

A

lines internal surface of thoracic wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

surfaces of parietal pleura?

A

costal
diaphragmatic
mediastinal
cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

mediastinal surface of parietal pleura

A

line mediastinal surfaces, continuous with visceral pleura at root of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
pulmonary ligament
formed by mediastinal surface of parietal pleura and the visceral pleura inferior extension of pleura which assists in maintaining position of lung in thoracic cavity
26
cervical surface of parietal pleura
extends superiorly into root of neck reaching its apex slightly superior to neck of first rib reinforced by suprapleura membrane
27
lines of reflection of parietal pleura?
vertebral - costal continuous with mediastinal posteriorly costal - costal continuous with diaphragmatic inferiorly sternal - costal continuous with mediastinal anteriorly
28
extent of cervical pleura?
significant because it may be punctured as a result of wound to this region
29
pleuritis?
pleura become inflamed and can no longer slide easily over each other parietal pleura receives extensive sensory innervation fro intercostal and phrenic nerves pain referred to area of thoracic wall or to point of shoulder via phrenic nerve (C345)
30
visceral pleura sensory nerves?
travel with autonomic fibers of bronchial vessels
31
important location for pericardiocentesis?
left sternal reflection passes inferiorly in medial plane to level of 4th costal cartilage then turns alterally and inferiorly to level of 6th costal cartilage creates notch allowing small part of pericardium to be in direct contact with anterior thoracic wall
32
pleural recess?
area of pleural cavity which lung does not completely occupy during quiet respiration two layers of parietal pleura come into contact with each other with deep inspiration - lungs fill medially and inferiorly to the costomediastinal and costodiaphragmatic pleura recess
33
costomediastinal pleura recess?
where mediastinal pleura contacts costal pleura anteriorly
34
costodiaphragmatic pleura recess?
where costal pleura contacts diaphragmatic pleura (around periphery of diaphragm) -can be inadvertently damaged during procedures or injuries to abdomen
35
pneumothorax?
potential space of pleural cavity becomes a real space air, blood, or fluid can accumulate in space
36
tension pneumothorax?
air enters pleural space but cannot leave results in shift in mediastinal contents to contralateral side because of increased pressure
37
beck's triad?
distended neck veins muffled heart sounds hypotension (low cardiac output) signs of tension pneuomthorax**
38
apex of lungs?
extends to level of neck of first ribs
39
right lung?
at midclavicular - projects inferior to rib 6 at midaxillary - projects inferior to rib 8 at scapular - projects inferior to rib 10 2 interspaces above the parietal pleura
40
left lung?
midsternal - projects inferiorly to rib 4, then turns inferolaterally to 6th righ MCL (creates cardiac notch) midaxillary - projects inferior to rib 8 scapular - projects inferior to rib 10 2 interspaces above the parietal pleura
41
cupula
apex of lung
42
surfaces of lung?
costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic
43
hilum
area where all structures enter lung and leave lung (on mediastinal surface of lung)
44
right lung lobes and fissures?
3 lobes - superior, middle, inferior | 2 fissures - oblique and horizontal
45
left lung lobes and fissures?
2 lobes - superior and inferior | 1 fissure - oblique
46
cardiac notch and lingula?
on the left lung
47
oblique fissures?
begin posteriorly at level of 4th rib, pass anteroinferiorly, crossing 4th and 5th intercostal spaces to 6th rib and costal cartilage anteriorly **in both lungs
48
horizontal fissure?
follows course of 4th rib **in right lung only
49
root of lung?
all structures that enter or leave lung pulmonary artery pulmonary veins (superior and inferior) primary bronchi (right superior may branch within lung) bronchial arteries and veins - 1 right / 2 left pulmonary plexus of nerves lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes
50
bronchopulmonary segment
smallest functional unit of lung area supplied by 1 tertiary bronchus and associated branch of pulmonary artery separated from adjacent segments by connective tissue septa pulmonary veins run between bronchopulmonary segments
51
disease of lung where?
lungs/abscesses often localized to bronchopulmonary segments can be surgically resected without altering other segments
52
pneumonectomy
surgical removal of one lung
53
lobectomy
surgical removal of one lobe of one lung
54
segmentectomy
surgical removal of a bronchopulmonary segment
55
pulmonary arteries
carry poorly oxygenated blood from right ventricles to lungs originate from pulmonary trunk at sternal angle **branch and course with bronchial airways
56
pulmonary veins
superior and inferior veins return oxygenated blood to left atrium originate from capillary beds around alveoli and course intersegmentally
57
pulmonary embolism
when blood clot enters a pulmonary artery or one of its branches and blocks blood flow to a portion of lung -life-threatening because of decreased blood oxygenation and obstruction of pulmonary blood flow ``` large emboli (block main artery) -can result to death in matter of seconds to minutes ``` smaller emboli - pulmonary infarction
58
bronchial arteries
originate from thoracic aorta two on left, one on right right often originates from 3rd right posterior intercostal artery courses with bronchial tree supply trachea and bronchii
59
bronchial veins
course with bronchial arteries, terminate in azygous veins
60
pulmonary nodes?
within substance of lung, along bronchial tree
61
bronchopulmonary nodes
at hilum of lung
62
trachobronchial nodes
at tracheal fiburcation
63
subpleural plexus lymphatic system?
aka superficial drains visceral pleura and most of lung parenchyma drains to bronchopulmonary nodes > superior and inferior tracheobronchial nodes > bronchomediastinal trunk
64
bronchomediastinal trunk
drains into the thoracic duct on the left and to the right lymphatic duct on the right
65
deep pulmonary plexus
drains larger bronchioles and bronchi drains to pulmonary nodes > bronchopulmonary nodes > tracheobronchial nodes > bronchomediastinal trunk
66
lymph from left inferior lobe?
drains to right tracheobronchial nodes
67
lymph drainage from parietal pleura
to thoracic wall | -mainly intercostal, but also parasternal, diaphragmatic, axillary lymph nodes
68
innervation of lungs?
both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
69
pulmonary plexuses
located along primary bronchi continuation of deep cardiac plexus
70
sympathetic innervation of lungs?
preganglionic T2-T6 postganglionic upper thoracic and cervical portions of sympathetic chain ganglion postganglionic nerve cells processes from cardiac branches which are called cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves efferent: vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, inhibit gland secretion
71
primary sympathetic innervation of lungs?
cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
72
parasympathetic innervation of lungs?
preganglionic nerve cell bodies in brain stem, processes travel with vagus nerve in thorax, vagus gives off thoracic cardiac parasympathetic branches postganglionic nerve cell bodies are in wall of arteries efferent: vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, gland secretion
73
innervation of parietal pleura?
via nerves supplying thoraci wall including intercostal and phrenic pain referred to area of thoracic wall supplied by intercostal nerve or to root of neck/shoulder via phrenic nerve

MSS - CV Exam 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions