heart and lungs

Question 1

Sinus node

Answer 1

• bundle of nerve fibers that control the heart rate
• located inside the right atrium wall
• causes muscle walls to contract
• Atria 1st and ventricles 2nd

Question 2

Arterioles

Answer 2

small vessels that branch from the arteries

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

• tiny vessels that branch from arterioles

- Allows O2 to nutrient exchange, waste and CO2 removal

Question 4

Venules

Answer 4

small branches from veins

Question 5

Valves

Answer 5

blood to and from heart

Question 6

Red Blood Cells

Answer 6

Plasma-transports liquid
platlets- clot forming component
White blood cells-infection fighting cells (leukocyte)
Red blood cells-oxygen carrying cell (erekocyte)

Question 7

hematocrit

Answer 7

percentage of blood made of red blood cells

Question 8

Hemoglobin

Answer 8

protein and iron molecule inside red blood cells that binds up to four O2

Question 9

Partial pressure of O2

Answer 9

Determines haemoglobin-oxygen binding
High (e.g., lungs): O2 binds
Low (e.g., muscle): O2 unbinds

Question 10

Arteriol-venous oxygen difference

Answer 10

Difference between O2 level in blood leaving and returning to the lungs
Measure of O2 being used by the body tissues
Rest: 4-5 ml O2 /decilitre blood
Exercise: 15 ml O2 /decilitre blood

Question 11

Reticulocytes

Answer 11

Immature RBCs
Produced in bone marrow (red marrow of large bones)
Tightly controlled with a hormone erythropoietin (EPO) produced by the kidneys

Question 12

Transport of CO2

Answer 12

tissues
blood
lungs
air

Question 13

cardiac output

Answer 13

Amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute (into the aorta)
Determines O2 volume delivered to tissues

Question 14

Hematrocit

Answer 14

Concentration of red blood cells

Determines amount of O2 per a volume of blood

Question 15

Heart layers

Answer 15

Epicardium-thin protection
mydocardium- thick and muscular layer, pumps blood
Endocardium -lines heart chambers and allows smooth blood flow

Question 16

Ventricles

Answer 16

pump blood into body

Question 17

Right ventricle

Answer 17

deoxynegated blood to longs via pulmonary artery

Question 18

left ventricle

Answer 18

oxygenated blood to body via aorta

Question 19

Atria

Answer 19

pumps blood into ventricles

Question 20

Right atrium

Answer 20

deoxygenated from body via superior and inferior vena cavas

Question 21

Left atrium

Answer 21

oxygenated blood from lungs via pulmonary vein

Question 22

Semilunar valves

Answer 22

open when venricles contract to direct blood flow into arteries

Question 23

Pulmonary valve

Answer 23

right ventricle to pulmonary artery

Question 24

Aortic Valve

Answer 24

left ventricle to aorta

Question 25

Atroventricular valve

Answer 25

Open when atria contract to direct blood flow into ventricles

Question 26

Bicupsid valve

Answer 26

left atrium to left ventricle

Question 27

Tricupaid valve

Answer 27

right atrium to right ventricle