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Health Assessment quiz 3 > Heart and Neck Vessels > Flashcards

Heart and Neck Vessels Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

inferior vena cava

A

brings venous blood up from the liver to the right atrium

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2
Q

superior vena cava

A

brings venous blood down from the head and upper extremities to the right atrium

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3
Q

cardiac cycle

A

has two cycles, diastole (ventricles relax, fill with blood) and systole (heart contracts, blood pumped from ventricles & fills pulmonary and systemic arteries).

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4
Q

S1

A

Heard all over pericardium, loudest at apex, normal

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5
Q

S2

A

Heard all over pericardium, loudest at base, normal

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6
Q

characteristics of sound

A

frequency, intensity, duration and timing

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7
Q

jugular vein

A

empty unoxygenated blood into superior vena cava

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8
Q

What happens to the jugular if heart failure is present?

A

pressure in the jugular vein will be elevated more than 3 cm above the sternal angle while patient is at 45 degree angle.

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9
Q

Stage 1 hypertension

A

140/90

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10
Q

S3

A

Can be heard at apex or left lower sternal border, normal or abnormal

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11
Q

S4

A

could occur in adults older than 40 without cardiovascular disease, especially after exercise.

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12
Q

auscultate

A

over precordium from base of heart to apex in zig zag formation over four valve areas ( Aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, mitral)

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13
Q

How many liters of blood does the heart pump per min?

A

4-6

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14
Q

carotid artery location

A

between the trachea and sternomastoid

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15
Q

bruit

A

Blowing or swishing sound. Will get louder as atheroschlerosis worsens

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16
Q

hemorrhagic stroke is r/t

A

hypertension

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17
Q

major cause of stroke

A

carotid artery stenosis

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18
Q

ischemic stroke r/t

A

atheroschlerosis

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19
Q

dysrhythmias increase with

A

age

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20
Q

HTN more common in

A

2-3 times more common in women taking contraceptives
more men than women until age 45
age 64 and up- women more common

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21
Q

precordium

A

the area on the anterior chest overlying the heart and great vessels

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22
Q

tricuspid valve

A

right atrioventricular valve

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23
Q

function of the pulmonic valve

Study These Flashcards
A

protect the orifice between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

24
Q

atrial systole occurs

Study These Flashcards
A

during ventricular diastole

25
the second hard sound is a result of
closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves
26
abnormal jugular venous pressure
Pt elevated 45 degrees, internal jugular pulsation >3cm above sternal angle
27
normal size apical pulse
1 x 2 cm
28
pulmonic valve area
second left interspace
29
angina pectoris: stable
- Ischemic - no change in pain pattern within last 60 days - pressurelike discomfort- tightness, squeezing, burning lasting 3-5 minutes - precipitated by activity, usually alleviated by rest - substernal and retrosternal
30
angina pectoris: prinzmetal/variant
- Ischemic - pressurelike discomfort often occurring at rest and early morning hours - retrosternal
31
acute coronary syndrome
- Ischemic - unstable angina, myocardial infarction - heaviness, vicelike, squeezing, poorly localized pain lasting 20-30 mins to hours - does not resolve with rest - generalized substernal or retrosternal
32
pericarditis
- non-ischemic - sudden sharp and stabbing pain relieved by sitting or leaning forward - worsens by laying down or with inspiration - substernal, can radiate to trapezius muscle region
33
mitral valve prolapse
- sharp pain not associated with activity | - chest pain without radiation
34
aortic dissection
-sudden severe pain with change in location and/or tearing sensation lasting for hours
35
pulmonary hypertension (secondary)
cardiac like chest pain with exertion
36
pulmonary embolism
- sharp, stabbing pain worsening with deep breaths | - pain can be experienced in chest, back, shoulder, or upper abdomen
37
pneumonia
- sharp or stabbing pain associated with cough | - mostly generalized to one side of chest but can have upper abd pain
38
pneumothorax
acure/sudden and sharp
39
gastroesophageal reflux
- may be angina- like, usually burning sensation when earing large meals - relieved by sitting up - retrosternal region
40
esophageal spasm
crushing chest pain
41
cholecystitis
- sudden onset of pain that can last up to 20 mins, especially after eating a fatty meal - inflammation of gallbladder
42
pancreatitis
sudden dull, boring, steady pain unrelieved by lying supine
43
herpes zoster
unilateral, burning, borelike pain
44
costochondritis
-sharp, pleuritic type pain worsens with breathing, palpation or moving
45
chest wall muscle strain
sharp pain with moving, stretching or pushing, palpation causes pain
46
symptoms of heart failure
- dilated pupils - pale, gray, cyanotic skin - dyspnea - orthopnea - crackles, wheeze - cough with frothy white/pink sputum - decreased BP - N/V - ascites - pitting edema - anxiety - falling O2 saturation - jugular vein distention - infarct - fatigue - S3 gallop, tachycardia - enlarged spleen and liver - decreased urine output - weak pulse
47
signs and symptoms of heart failure two basic mechanisms
1) the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet metabolic demands 2) the kidney's compensatory mechanisms of abnormal retention of Na and water to compensate for the decreased cardiac output. This increases blood volume and venous return which causes further congestion
48
acute onset of heart failure
as following MI when direct damage to the heart's contracting ability has occured
49
chronic onset of heart failure
as with HTN, when the ventricles must pump against chronically increased pressure
50
pulse deficit
signals weak contraction of the ventricles. Occurs with atrial fibrillation, premature beats and HF.
51
splitting of S2
Normal phenomenon, occurs at the end of inspiration. | Heard only in the pulmonic valve area, the second left interspace
52
fixed split
unaffected by respiration, the split is always there
53
paradoxical split
opposite of what you would expect, sounds fuse on inspiration and split on expiration
54
ventricular gallop
S3, occurs with heart failure and volume overload
55
atrial gallop
S4, occurs with CAD
56
S3
associated with heart failure and is always abnormal over age 35
57
smoking increases the risk
increase in oxygen demand, decrease in oxygen supply, activation of platelets and fibrinogen, adverse change in lipid profile

Health Assessment quiz 3 (3 decks)

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