Heart coverings and coronary circulation Oct31 M2 COPY COPY Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Heart coverings and coronary circulation Oct31 M2 COPY COPY Deck (39)
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1
Q

heart apex location

A

far to the left. 5th rib and midclavicular line itnersection

2
Q

where to put stethoscope to listen to heart and how to get there

A

2nd intercostal space (rib 2 to rib 3). Angle of Louis, go to the left

3
Q

last space where can put stethoscope and listen to the heart and why

A

fifth intercostal space. is where apex located

4
Q

4 portions of mediastinum

A

superior, anterior, middle, posterior

5
Q

superior mediast location and contents

A

above sternal angle. Big vessels that lead to neck and upper limbs

6
Q

middle medastinum synonym and content

A

(pericardial cavity) where heart sits

7
Q

ant mediastinum charact

A

very narrow

8
Q

post mediastinum location

A

from rib 2 to far back inferiorly (touches first lumbar vertebra)

9
Q

post mediastinum contents

A

aorta, IVC, nerves, lymphatics, etc.

10
Q

ant mediastinum content

A

thymus in childhood (becomes fat tissue in adulthood)

11
Q

3 branchings on arch of aorta from right to left

A
  • right brachiocephalic trunk
  • left common carotid artery (to left side of head and neck)
  • left subclavian artery (to left arm)
12
Q

right brachiocephalic trunk further branching

A
  • right subclavian artery (to left arm)

- right common carotid artery (to right side of head and neck)

13
Q

main veins going to the SVC

A

right subclavian vein, right internal + external jugular vein to right brachiocephalic vein
left subclavian vein, left internal + external jugular vein to left brachiocephalic vein

14
Q

where subclavian veins travel

A

below subclavian arteries

15
Q

where jugular veins travel

A

near carotid arteries

16
Q

something to note about parietal and visceral serous pericardium

A

is a continuous tissue

17
Q

oblique sinus def

A

dead end where parietal serous pericardium becomes visceral (epicardium)

18
Q

how to reach oblique sinus

A

go posteriorly behind the heart until blockage

19
Q

transverse sinus def

A

space created by dead end of serous pericardium and located below pulm trunk and aorta

20
Q

transverse sinus separates what

A

arteries (above it, aorta, pulm artery) and veins (below it): pulm veins, SVC, IVC

21
Q

is the transverse sinus a dead end

A

no, can pass through it. is an open space

22
Q

sulci of the heart and where they run

A
coronary sulci (between atria and ventricles, run posteriorly)
interventricular sulci (between ventricles, run anteriorly and posteriorly)
23
Q

2 branchings of aorta that go to supply heart and where they travel

A

right and left coronary arteries (travel in right and left coronary sulci)

24
Q

branchings of the right coronary artery

A
  • marginal branch goes to supply right ventricle (RV) posteriorly
  • posterior interventricular branch
25
Q

branchings of left coronary artery

A
  • circumflex branch supplies LV posteriorly

- Anterior interventricular branch (Left anterior descending = LAD)

26
Q

name of vessel supplying the SA node

A

sino-atrial nodal branch

27
Q

trajectory of SA nodal branch if comes from right coronary artery

A

starts anteriorly, goes back behind SVC and comes back anteriorly to supply AV node

28
Q

trajectory of SA nodal branch if comes from left coronary artery

A

starts posteriorly, goes back behind arch of aorta, pulm arteries and SVC and coms back anteriorly to supply the AV node

29
Q

right dominant heart def

A

is right coronary artery dominant. posterior intervent branch comes from right coronary artery

30
Q

left dominant heart def

A

is left coronary artery dominant. posterior intervent branch comes from left coronary artery

31
Q

right vs left dominant heart prevalence and danger

A

85% right 15% left: more dangerous

32
Q

2 rare configurations of coronary arteries

A
  1. circumflex branch comes from right coronary artery

2. all branches (even circumflex and posterior interventricular) come from left coronary artery

33
Q

why variations in heart dominance (left coronary or right coronary or 2 rare variants) is important

A

important clinically if obstruction. have to know how many vessels downstream blocked

34
Q

coronary artery bypass graft goal and how

A

if a heart vessel is blocked, bypass with extra tube (graft) from aorta to downstream of the occlusion

35
Q

3 cardiac veins to know and location

A
  • small cardiac vein near marginal branch
  • middle cardiac vein near posterior interventricular artery
  • great cardiac vein along left anterior descending
36
Q

where small, middle and great cardiac vein join

A

posteriorly at the coronary sinus

37
Q

coronary sinus precise location and characteristic

A

posteriorly in the coronary sulcus. contains hole to drain in the right atrium directly

38
Q

pericardiocentesis def

A

draining of pericardial effusion (in pericardial sac)

39
Q

pericardiocentesis best way to do it (where to go through)

A

go between xiphoid process and left costal margin

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