Heart Diseasse Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is Stable Angina?
Symptoms?
Myocardial oxygen demand > oxygen supply
Symptoms:
Chest Pain
begins slowly and gets worse
last 1-15 mins, gets better with rest or GTN spray
What is released into blood if myocytes are damaged?
Troponin
Thus do a troponin test if myocyte death is suspected
What is GTN Spray?
Potent vasodilator
Sprayed in mouth
Used to treat Stable Angina
Examples of Beta blockers
Bisoprolol,
Atenolol
Side effects of Beta blockers
Bronchospasm,
peripheral vasodilation,
impotence,
fatigue
Also, by blocking beta receptors, alpha receptors are left unopposed, thus causing vasoconstriction - which results in cold hand and feet.
Examples of CCB
Amlodipine,
Felodipine
Action and effect of Beta Blockers
blocks beta receptor of sympathetic response
thus reduces myocardial O2 demand
Action and effect of CCB
Prevents calcium influx into smooth muscle
thus reducing myocardial oxygen demand by reducing afterload and preload
Side effects of CCB
Flushing,
Headache,
dizziness,
ankle swelling
Classes of drugs used to control Stable angina
Beta blockers,
CCB,
Nitrates
Examples of Nitrates
Isosorbide Mononitrate
Action and effect of Nitrates
Stimulates guanylate cyclase by NO derived from organic nitrate ester
thus Venodilation occurs - decreases preload - thus decreasing myocardial oxygen demand
Classes of drugs used to reduce risk of stable angina
Antiplatelet agents,
cholesterol lowering agents.
Side Effects of Nitrates
Flushing,
Hypotension
Examples of Antiplatelet agents
Aspirin,
Clopidogrel
Action and Effect of Antiplatelet agents
Inhibits platelet reaction to stimuli, by blocking TxA2/ P2Y12 receptors
Thus reducing chance of clot formation
Side Effects of Antiplatelet agents
GI disturbance,
bleeding,
bronchoconstriction
Examples of Cholesterol lowering agents
Atorvastatin,
Simvastatin
Action and effect of Cholesterol lowering agents
blocks synthesis of cholesterol in liver by blocking HMGcoA Reductase
Thus reduces serum cholesterol, which reduces atherosclerotic plaque formation
Side effects of Cholesterol lowering agents
Nasopharyngitis, Headache, Constipation, Flatulence, Dyspepsia, Nausea, Diarrhoea, Myalgia, Arthralgia
What is Acute coronary syndrome?
Rupture of an Atheromatous plaque resulting in sudden and critical reduction in blood flow to the coronary artery.
Platelet aggregation &/or thrombus formation - causing injury to myocardial tissue causing chest pain
