heart failure Flashcards
main cause of heart failure
hypertension
eyection fraction that indicates heart failure
30-40%
*40-50% borderline
normal eyection fraction
50-70%
it gest activated in dyastolic left-sided heart failure an in right sided heart failure when the heart does not fill efficiently to increase the blood pressure
RAA (renina angiotensina aldosterona)
the RAA system produces fluid retention and when its constantly activated can lead to:
pulmonary edema in left sided HF
ascitis and edema on the legs in right sided HF
symptoms of pulmonary edema
- dyspnea
- orthopnea
- crackles
typical symptoms of heart failure
- breathlessness
- orthopnea
- paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- reduced excercise tolerance
- fatigue
- ankle sewlling
how can you diagnose heart failure on the extremeties?
- disminished peripherial pulses
- irregular pulse
- pitting edema on both extremities
atypical symptoms of heart failure
- murmurs
- nocturnal cough
- wheezing
- bloated feeling
- loss of apetite
- palpitations
- syncope
signs of heart failure
- elevated jugular venous
- hepatojugular reflux
- third heart sound
- laterally displaced apical impulse
NYHA classification for heart failure
- I: no limitation of physical activity, dyspnea only when you do great efforts like any healthy person
- II: slight limitation of physical activity, dyspnea in medium efforts like walking a block or taking the stairs
- III: marked limitation of physical activity, dyspnea in small efforts like getting dressed
- IV: symptoms present al rest
imaging that confirms the diagnose of heart failure
ecocardiogram
treatment for heart failure
- IECA
- ARA 2
- BB
- diuretics
