Heart Failure

Question 1

Define HF. (1)

Question 2

What are the cardinal symptoms of HF? (3)

Question 3

What are the cardinal signs of HF? (3)

Question 4

What are the resulting effects of HF? (3)

Question 5

Give e.g. of conditions that damage heart muscle or limit its ability to function normally. (3)

Question 6

Give e.g. of conditions that reduce cardiac output. (3)

Question 7

Give e.g. of conditions that result in a high cardiac output. (3)

Question 8

What are the main features of left HF? (5)

Question 9

What are the main features of right HF? (5)

Question 10

What are the 3 main classifications of HF? (3)

Question 11

What are the 3 subtypes of LVEF? (3)

Question 12

What is the Class 1 features of NYHA Classification? (1)

Question 13

What is the Class 2 features of NYHA Classification? (1)

Question 14

What is the Class 3 features of NYHA Classification? (1)

Question 15

What is the Class 4 features of NYHA Classification? (1)

Question 16

What are the main characteristics of RAAS? (5)

Question 17

What is the expected aldosterone level in HF? (1)

Answer 17

20 x normal.

Question 18

Explain the effect of decrease in CO. (1)

Question 19

What is the initial benefit of SNS? (4)

Question 20

What is the eventual harm of SNS? (4)

Question 21

What are the s/s of HF? (15)

Question 22

What are the common presentations of HF in hospitals? (7)

Question 23

What are the common presentations of HF in community? (1)

Question 24

Outline the diagnostic process of chronic HF.

Question 25

What are the potential complications of HF? (5)

Question 26

Outline the management of chronic HF.

Question 27

What is decompensated HF? (1)

Question 28

What is the inpatient management of decompensated HF? (8)

Question 29

When would diuretics be used in HF? (5)

Question 30

What are the cautions of Diuretics in HF? (2)

Question 31

What are the monitoring requirements of Diuretics for HF? (2)

Question 32

Give e.g. of loop diuretics used for HF. (4)

Question 33

Give e.g. of thiazide-like diuretics used for HF. (2)

Question 34

What does NICE guidelines state about pharmacological therapy in HF? (2)

Question 35

Outline the pharmacological therapies available for HFrEF. (6)

Question 36

When would ACEI be used as HF tx? (4)

Question 37

What aims the monitoring requirement for ACEi? (1)

Question 38

How often should the dose of ACEi be adjusted? (2)

Question 39

When would Sacubitril/Valsartan be used as HF tx? (5)

Question 40

What are the dosing regimens for Sacubutril/valsartan? (2)

Question 41

When would it NOT be appropriate to start Sacubitril/Valsartan? (1)

Question 42

Explain the main features of MRA (Aldosteorne Antagonists) (5)

Question 43

What is Spironolactone? (1)

Question 44

When is spironolactone used as for HF tx? (1)

Question 45

What is the usual dose for Spironolactone? (2)

Question 46

What are the monitoring requirements for Spironolactone? (1)

Question 47

What are the major problems with Spironolactone? (3)

Question 48

What is Eplerenone? (2)

Question 49

Explain the benefit of selectivity of Eplerenone. (2)

Question 50

What is the indication of Eplerenone? (1)

Question 51

What are the usual dosing regimens for Eplerenone? (2)

Question 52

What are the common s/e of Eplerenone? (4)

Question 53

What is a common interaction with Eplerenone? (1)

Question 54

Give e.g. of SGLT2i used in HF. (2)

Question 55

What is the licensed use of SGLT2i? (1)

Question 56

What is the dosing regimen of SGLT2i in HF? (1)

Question 57

What condition should you not use SGLT2i for HF tx? (1)

Question 58

What counselling point is given to patients taking SGLT2i? (3)

Question 59

What is the licensed use of Digoxin? (3)

Question 60

What are the monitoring requirements of Digoxin? (3)

Question 61

State the licensed use of Ivabradine. (3)

Question 62

When would Ivabradine be used as HF treatment? (2)

Question 63

What are the monitoring requirements of ACEi, BB + MRA? (3)

Question 64

Give e.g. of medicines that may affect heart failure. (4)

Question 65

Give e.g. of comorbidities that should be managed in HF. (7)