Heart Failure

Question 1

by definition

Answer 1

heart as a pump is unable to meet
the metabolic requirements of the
tissue for oxygen and substrates

Question 2

systolic dysfunction:

Answer 2

results in
reduced stroke volume and
ejection fraction (HFrEF)
common causes include CAD,
myocarditis, valvular heart disease,
infiltrative processes and
hypertension,

Question 3

diastolic dysfunction

Answer 3

characterized
with a stiffened left ventricle with
abnormal relaxation during
diastole, EF remains normal, known
as HFpEF
common causes include
hypertension, aging, obesity,
diabetes and CAD

Question 4

types of heart failure

Answer 4

1) HFrEF < 40%
2) HFmrEF 41-49%
3) HFpEF >50%