Heart Failure Flashcards
What is Heart Failure?
The inability of the heart to pump blood at a sufficient rate to meet the metabolic demands of the body.
HFrEF
HF Reduced Ejection Fraction = Systolic Heart Failure = Pump Failure
HFpEF
HF Preserved Ejection Fraction = Diastolic HF = Stiff Ventricle
Cardiac Output
CO = SV X HR
CO = Vol of blood ejected from the ventricle/min
Stroke Volume
SV = Vol of blood ejected into the aorta during systole/beat
3 Major Determinants of SV
- Preload
- Afterload
- Contractility (Inotropy)
What would cause an Increase in Preload/Ventricular Filling?
Increase:
- Atrial Contractility
- Ventricular Compliance
- Central Venous Pressure
- Aortic Pressure
Decrease:
- Heart Rate
What conditions would Decrease Preload/Ventricular Filling?
- Blood loss/standing up
- Tachycardia
- Atrial fibrillation
- Ventricular hypertrophy
- Mitral stenosis
Heart Rate is a balance of _____ & _____ innervating the SA node; from circulating _____ acting via _____ located on the SA nodal cells.
vagal tone, sympathetic nn; catecholamines, B1-adrenoceptors
Explain this Frank-Starling Curve
There is a Direct Relationship b/w SV, LVEDP & Venous Return. When Venous Return increases SV & LVEDP increase. When Venous Return decreases SV & LVEDP decrease.
Preload is also equal too…
LVEDP & LVEDV
Does a change in Afterload cause a shift in the Frank-Starling curve?
Yes
Does a change in Preload cause a shift in the Frank-Starling curve?
No
Does a change in Contractility cause a shift in the Frank-Starling curve?
Yes
Explain this Frank-Starling Curve
- An increase in Afterload = decrease SV & increase LVEDP
- A decrease in Afterload = increase SV & decrease LVEDP
What conditions increase Afterload?
Aortic stenosis & HTN
Explain this Frank-Starling Curve
- Increase in Contractility = increase SV & decrease LVEDP
- Decrease in Contractility = decrease SV & increase LVEDP
