Heart Failure Flashcards
Valvular Disease (44 cards)
TRUE / FALSE…
NO TX IS NEEDED FOR A PT WITH MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE
true
Two (2) assessment findings that are unique for Mitral Valve Prolapse
DYSPNEA & CHEST PAIN- NOT R/T ACTIVITY
Pharmacological (4) management of patient with Mitral Stenosis
1) Digoxin
2) Beta Blockers
3) Diuretics (Furosemide, Spironolactone)
4) Anticoagulant (Warfarin)
Nursing care/management for pt with AORTIC REGURGITATION
*VASODILATORS to decrease afterload
Two (2) types of Valves
1) Mechanical
2) Tissue
Nursing care R/T Valve replacement
1) Monitor for thromboembolism (Stroke or MI)
2) Long term warfarin therapy for mechanical valve
3) Monitor for S/S of endocarditis with tissue valve (ie- fever, HF)
4) Treat Arrythmias (Digoxin, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers)
5) Patient teaching- prophylactic antibiotics
(5) Cardiovascular S/S with Mitral Stenosis
PAPFJ
PALPITATIONS A-FIB w/weak irregular pulse PITTING EDEMA FATIGUE JVD
Heart Failure Dx Testing
**12 lead EKG
**CXR
**BNP (b-type natriuretic peptide)- blood test
>100 pg/mL = Heart failure present
**ECHOCARDIOGRAM—Meaures EF
>50% = NORMAL
<40% = Positive for HF
_______ occurs when the opening of the valve is narrowed, and the forward flow of blood through the valve is reduced
STENOSIS
Nursing care for pt with pulmonary edema
MAAP-HO M---Monitor VSS A---Airway A---ABG's P---Potassium H---High Fowlers O---Oxygen
Decreased cardiac output leads to an increase in _________ and __________…..causing an increase in intravascular volume and Vasoconstriction. This causes an increased __________, ___________ and _________________.
*Sodium and Water
- *Increased BP
- *Increased heart rate
- *Increased afterload
(5) cardiovascular S/S for pt with Mitral valve prolapse
CHEST PAIN not r/t activity A-Fib Pitting Edema FATIGUE PALPITATIONS
FOUR (4) S/S OF AORTIC STENOSIS
- DYSPNEA ON EXERTION
- ORTHOPNEA
- FATIGUE
- TRIAD (ANGINA–DYSPNEA –SYNCOPE WITH EXERTION)
_______ occurs when valves do not close completely and blood flows backward through the valve
REGURGITATION
DO NOT ADMINISTER DIGOXIN if heart rate is_____________
<60 BPM
Nursing care of patient with Mitral stenosis
- Respiratory Assessment
- CV Assessment
- Monitor HR for brady cardia r/t digoxin, beta blockers, or calcium channel blockers
- Monitor I & O r/t diuretic therapy
- check coagulation studies daily
this repair of the cardiac valve can be done percutaneously or surgically
VALVULOPLASTY
SIX (6) S/S OF AORTIC REGURGITATION
DOTPWF
Dyspnea Orthopnea Tachycardia Palpitations Wide Pulse pressure Fatigue
Advantages / Disadvantages of Mechanical valves
1) DURABLE
2) Fewer infections
3) need anticoagulation - r/t thrombus risk
S/S of LEFT SIDED HEART FAILURE
DROWNING-AD
D---difficulty breathing R---Rales (crackles) O---Orthopnea W---Weakness-Fatigue N---Nocturnal paroxysmal Dyspnea I----Increased Heart Rate N---Nagging cough G---Gaining 2-3lb/day or 5lb/day A---Altered Mental Status D---Decreased Urine Output
Advantages / Disadvantages of Tissue Valves
1) Anticoagulation contraindicated
2) young or older client can receive
3) can be given to pt with med compliance issues
______ is the backward flow of blood into the Left Ventricle from the aorta during distole
AORTIC REGURGITATION
S/S of RIGHT SIDED HEART FAILURE
SWELLING
S----swelling (legs, hands, liver, abdomen) W---Weight Gain E---Edema L---Large Distended neck veins L---Lethargic / fatigued I---Irregular heart rate / AFIB N---Nocturia G---Girth (Hepatosplenomegaly \ ascites)
When one or both mitral valve leaflets bulges back into the left atrium during systole, usually without regurgitation
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
