Heartland/Region State (4) Flashcards
(49 cards)
Heartland
the center/core of something drawing attention to one area, anywhere can be a heartland it just depends on the scale: when we talk about Ontario as heartland it is not the Northern part, its the highly populated southern part
Hinterland
all of the wild things: anything that is not heartland that is out there
other names for heartland/hinterland
core/periphery, metropolic/periphery
Heartland/Hinterland model
provides a framework for examining, at various geographic scales, the movement of people, goods and services, investment capital, and technology from one region to another
more on Heartland…
small land area, high concentration of population, highly urbanized, corporate control (regional headquarters), secondary/tertiary/quaternary activities dominate, industrial core, large corporate control; location of the headquarters for everything, no space for primary economic activities (primary activities take up land: no room in the ‘core’)
Heartland…
o Trying to preserve the left over area; but not the primary concern
o Slow evolving more tertiary and quaternary
o Cities with diversified economies; lots of different jobs and businesses
o Good physical qualities; easy to live there and develop
o Access to markets; people to sell stuff too
o Well integrated system of cities
o Capacity for innovation and change
o Economic, social and political power
Hinterland
o The rest (large land area, the rest)
o Low concentration of population
o Scattered population (scattered in small communities)
o More rural population
o Lower incomes; not as many opportunities to get well paying jobs
o Primary activities dominate: mining, forestry
o Produce few finished goods; not much development of the primary resources
o The finished product is not happening in the hinterland***
o Towns with specialized economies; one main job ie. Fishing or mining town, if one thing goes wrong the whole town could be unemployed
o More unemployment; fewer opportunities more risk for economic disaster
o Lower market potential
o Weakly integrated urban systems; may share a central place but not liked to each other very well
o Limited innovative capacity; no higher education systems
o Limited political power; less people less power
o Dependency is on heartland; both kind of depend on each other
what is the origin of a Heartland?
primarily economic
What is the end result of the heartland-hinterland relationship?
the allocation of power to the heartland and the creation of a dependency relationship: also geographic relationship
What is the growth process?
Self-sustaining! IF you have al the right factors to build a heartland - no way of stopping it; things work = they’ll continue to grow
threshold population?
had some driving force to get people to come to the land and develop if we get this threshold population
Economies of scale*
divide up the work between the population and we all get some benefit! some people do one thing and others do another - think of an assembly line
growth attracts more growth
even if stores have competition: they benefit from all the people in the area: if youre a shoe store in the Eaton centre – yes you have tons of competition but you benefit from the fact that people will head to that mall to do shoe shopping
Heartland process.cont’d:
o The population comes and clears land, population is attracted, continues to grow: once you have enough people that you are self-sustaining:
o Demand for staple commodities
o Purchases resources from hinterland: no room in the heartland to be producing those resources! Need to receive things from the hinterland
o Agglomeration: benefit by having certain things beside each other like a car strip or a shopping mall; the consumer can look at many things and browse
Exchange provides hinterland with
Capital, labour, technology, entrepreneurship
what does the exchange provide?
work and products between the two
government transfers
take money from taxation and spread it out everywhere to get all the things we need (Federal will do this to even things out)
Cultural transfers
urban culture may be more globalized: spread that to communities
Ontario is Heartland?
Windsor-Quebec Axis
South central ontario and the golden horseshoe*
What are other smaller regional heartlands?
vancouver, edmonton/calgary, winnipeg, halifax
Golden Horseshoe
agricultural, commercial and industrial belt
along the western end of lake ontario between st catherines and oshawa
Ontario As Heartland
1945-1970: when it really took off; but as far back as 1904 and the setting up of the ford motor company
1945-1970
o The interest of the government: growing and building the economy!
o Ontarians as individuals in this period of time: they all thought Ottawa was pretty great – always on our side, not far away, we like most of them – they were fine with it: different to many other parts of Canada who thought that they weren’t meeting their needs and were unfairly treating Ontario at the time!
o We have always supported a strong federal government: in 1867 when our four provinces became Canada: the British North America Act needed to decide who does what: Federal was in charge of trade/fisheries/criminal justice/etc. Provinces were in charge of education/health/social services: this is when we thought the federal government would control most of the money. Education/health care/ social services weren’t a lot of money being spent by the provinces: example of health care you spent on your own. Flip to now: federal government gets all the money and then the major things we need are the provincial governments responsibility! And the provinical government don’t have enough tax revenues to do all the things that we want them to do: SO this is why the federal government gives money to each province to help for health care/education etc. So some provinces think this is too paternalistic. Indirect taxation: We pay so many taxes we don’t even know about! That go to the federal government.
o In 1982: we said the province can have tax on anything in the primary sector; we voted for this change in 1982 but it didn’t really benefit us.
o Ontario prospered-diverse economy and power; government thought that this would be the best for the country
o Economic management of Canada linked to Ontario
o Ontario supported strong federal government; wanted a strong central power
o Preserved central role by blocking attempts by other provinces to gather more powers (never wanted more power)
o Ontario was first in favour of NAFTA; always in favour of free trade*
Since 1970: Ontario as Heartland
o Rifts with the rest of Canada; not compatible interests
o Heartland not a strong enough term due to the integration of Canada and US economies
o Ontario is prominent on a continental scale
o Ontario gets the most GDP and no one else is even close
o Ontario trades significantly more with the rest of the world (mainly US) than Canada
o Imports mostly from the US, China, and Mexico
o Some people are saying now that Ontario is much more interested in the US than the rest of Canada.
