Heartworm

Question 1

Dirofilaria immitis geographic distribution

Answer 1

south, southwest parts

Question 2

Dirofilaria immitis sex

Answer 2

dioecious

Question 3

Dirofilaria immitis PPP

Answer 3

6-9 months

Question 4

Routes of infestation

Answer 4

through mosquito, en utero

Question 5

En utero transmission causes

Answer 5

only circulating L1 but not patent infection

Question 6

2 types of heartworm infestation

Answer 6

patent and occult

Question 7

percentage of patent infections

Answer 7

75%

Question 8

patent infections

Answer 8

adults in heart and circulating L1

Question 9

percentage of occult infections

Answer 9

25%

Question 10

occult infections

Answer 10

adults in heart, no circulating L1

Question 11

adults site of infestation

Answer 11

right ventricle, pulmonary artery

Question 12

microfilaria site of infestation

Answer 12

peripheral blood, tissue, ectopic in cats (eyes,cns,body cavities, lungs

Question 13

pathogenesis(5)

Answer 13

eosinophilia, obstruction of capillaries, right heart failure(ascites), pulmonary embolism, acute dyspnea

Question 14

Clinical signs(6)

Answer 14

exercise intolerance, coughing, hemoptysis, lethargy, pulmonary hypertension, intermittent persistent cough

Question 15

severe heartworm infestation

Answer 15

caval syndrome

Question 16

Microfilaria DX tests (6)

Answer 16

Direct drop, blood smear/cytology, Microhematorit techniques, saponin technique, filter technique, modified knot technique

Question 17

Adult DX tests

Answer 17

ELISA, IFA

Question 18

Direct drop tests looks for

Answer 18

microfilaria, motility

Question 19

scan direct drop on

Answer 19

10x

Question 20

Blood smear tests for

Answer 20

microfilaria, motility

Question 21

scan blood smear on

Answer 21

4x

Question 22

buffy coat method tests for

Answer 22

microfilaria, motility

Question 23

buffy coat layer centerfuge

Answer 23

6000rpm, 5 minutes

Question 24

view buffy coat on

Answer 24

10x on slide

Question 25

tube method tests for

Answer 25

mircofilaria, motility

Question 26

saponin technique put what on slide

Answer 26

sediment

Question 27

filter technique stain with

Answer 27

methylene blue

Question 28

ELISA stands for

Answer 28

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Question 29

ELISA tests for

Answer 29

Ag only from dogs from adult female

Question 30

IFA stands for

Answer 30

immunofluorescence assay

Question 31

IFA detects

Answer 31

antigens from adults and microfilaria

Question 32

Heartworm preventatives

Answer 32

Macrocyclic lactones

Question 33

4 macrocyclic lactones

Answer 33

ivermectin, moxidectin, selemectin, milbemycin oxime

Question 34

ivermectin brand names

Answer 34

heartguard 30, nuheart, heartguard 30 plus(pyrantel)

Question 35

Milbemycin Oxime brand name

Answer 35

interceptor(off market), sentinal( with lufenuron flea birth control), Trifexies( with spinocide)

Question 36

Moxidectin(higher risk) brand names

Answer 36

Proheart, doesn't kill L1 circulating larva

Question 37

Selemectin brand name

Answer 37

revolution (broadspectrum)

Question 38

microfilaria can live

Answer 38

2 years in the body

Question 39

Adult treatment

Answer 39

Melasomine dihydrochloride 3 times total deep IM

Question 40

microfilaria treatment

Answer 40

ivermectin

Question 41

give antihistamine when treating with ivermectin because

Answer 41

anaphylaxis from dying microfilaria

Question 42

doxycycline given because

Answer 42

reduce pathology associated with dying heartworm, also distrupts tranmission because kills spirochete that they need to breed

Question 43

prednisone with

Answer 43

melarsomine injection

Question 44

exersice restriction how many weeks after last melarsamine injection

Answer 44

6-8 weeks

Question 45

feline heart worm what percent of canine

Answer 45

10%

Question 46

occult infestations more likely in cats because

Answer 46

can only house 1-6 worms

Question 47

2 stages of heartworm in cat

Answer 47

1. Arrival of heart worm in pulmonary vasculture. 2. death of adult heartworm

Question 48

Heart worm symptoms term in cats

Answer 48

Heartworm Associated Respiratory Disease

Question 49

PIM stands for

Answer 49

pulmonary intravascular macrophage