Heat and Earth Science Flashcards
(93 cards)
all matter is composed of tiny particles called
atoms/molecules
how is motion related to temperature
temperature is basically a measure of kinetic energy in a substances molecules
so increased movement=increased energy=increased temp.
“the amount of motion in turn determines the phase or state of a substance.
Absolute 0
0 Kelvin, the temp where all motion stops
Solids (movement, shape, volume, density)
Definite shape
deffinite volume
most dense
particles move the slowest.
liquids (movement, shape, volume, density)
takes shape of container
definite volume
less dense,
move at speed in the middle
gasses (movement, shape, volume, density)
volume= fill the container
shape= fill the container
least dense,
particles move the fastest,
if a substance has a high boiling point what does this simple about the attractions between the molecules in that substance
attractions between the particles are very strong.
can change boiling point by adding _____ or ______
impurities or pressure
think salt
on mountain top- why would soup take long to cook in high altitudes
higher altitude= lower pressure- easier to boil
so boils at lower temp
so takes longer to fully cook cause its not as hot
what happens to the particles in a material as the material is heated
particles move more quickly
solids expand
two types of expansion thermometers
mercury- more accurate go to higher temps
alcohol- narrower rang of temps
less expansion
outdoor use common
digital thermometers:
thermacouple- 2 metals in contact with eacher other- produce voltage that changes with temp
infrared- measures infrared light put out by object converts that into temp readout`
Important EXCEPTION to heat expands stuff, cold contracts stuff
WATER expands when it freezes
which makes ice less dense than liquid water which is why ice floats.
Cold is simply ___________
the absence of heat
heat always moves from a
warmer object to a cooler object
heat is a form of ______
energy
energy is defined as
the ability too do wiork
energy can be changed from one form to another
electrical- heat
chemical to heat
mechanical to heat
heat travels in three different ways
conduction
convection
radiation
Conduction:
applies to solids
the molicules next to heat source begin to move and increase in energy this makes them “bump into” each other and the others are getting hotter.
Convection
liquids and gasses (both called fluids)
warm air rises principle U know this concept from APES.
Radiaton
does not require a medium/can move through vacuum
which is why the sun heats our planet
comes from glowing sources
basically the greenhouse effect
the reason the sun makes ur car hot inside
heat capacity
amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1g substance by 1 degree celcious
calorie vs Calorie
Calorie (food)= 1000 calories science
