Heat and States of Matter

Question 1

explains how particles of matter behave

Answer 1

kinetic theory

Question 2

all matter is composed of

Answer 2

particles

Question 3

particles are always in constant random

Answer 3

motion

Question 4

related to the average kinetic energy of an objects atoms/molecules

Answer 4

temperature

Question 5

SI unit for temperature

Answer 5

kelvin

Question 6

define temperature

Answer 6

measure of average kinetic energy of a substances particles

Question 7

change in thermal energy equation

Answer 7

Q=cmt

Question 8

what are the four states of matter

Answer 8

solid, liquid, gas, and plasma

Question 9

what is heat

Answer 9

form of energy that includes both temp and the amount of material

Question 10

thermal energy?

Answer 10

sum of kinetic and potential energies

Question 11

heat of fusion

Answer 11

the amount of heat absorbed or release when something melts or freezes

Question 12

what is thermal expansion

Answer 12

when an object is heated its particles move faster and become less dense causing the object to expand

Question 13

ways to transfer thermal energy

Answer 13

conduction, convection radiation

Question 14

conduction?

Answer 14

direct contact

Question 15

convection

Answer 15

change in temp… flow

Question 16

radiation

Answer 16

vacuum… transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves (doesn’t require matter)

Question 17

thermal conductors?

Answer 17

transfers energy easily

Question 18

thermal insulators?

Answer 18

traps heat/energy

Question 19

the temp at which the pressure in the liquid of the vapor in the liquid is equal to the external pressure acting on its surface

Answer 19

boiling point

Question 20

when a gas changes to a liquid

Answer 20

condensation

Question 21

when a liquid changes to a gas

Answer 21

vaporization

Question 22

when a liquid changes to a solid

Answer 22

freezing

Question 23

when a solid changes to a liquid

Answer 23

melting

Question 24

equation for density

Answer 24

D=m/v

Question 25

the differences in densities between warmer and cooler fluids cause?

Answer 25

convection currents

Question 26

how are thermal insulators used to control the transfer of thermal energy

Answer 26

it is the process of trapping heat

Question 27

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 27

energy is neither created of destroyed. law of conservation of matter

Question 28

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 28

its impossible for thermal energy to flow from a cool object to a warmer object unless work is done. increased entropy

Question 29

how does an internal combustion engine convert thermal energy into mechanical energy

Answer 29

gas goes into intake stoke, piston moves down then back up... gas touched spark plug, creating power strike and thermal energy. gas goes back down which opens the exhaust valve and smoke releases. process occurs rapidly

Question 30

how does the entropy of the universe change when any event occurs

Answer 30

in nature there is no work, so it is increasing

Question 31

what is entropy

Answer 31

measure of how spread out energy is. it always increases

Question 32

third law of thermodynamics

Answer 32

"absolute zero"if an object draws energy it can never be at absolute zero. not physically possible

Question 33

the process when something is heated with out any work being done. the sun is used to heat structures

Answer 33

passive solar

Question 34

when work is being done to heat/use energy of something. solar panels

Answer 34

active solar

Question 35

the transfer of thermal energy by convection and conduction both require what

Answer 35

matter

Question 36

specific heat?

Answer 36

the amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temp of 1kg by 1c of some material

Question 37

what do the values of specific heat mean

Answer 37

the higher values mean the material requires more thermal energy to raise temp

Question 38

kinetic energy

Answer 38

form of energy an object has by reason of motion

Question 39

as particles move farther apart, their potential energy...

Answer 39

increases (stored energy that depends on the distance between particles)

Question 40

mechanical energy

Answer 40

sum of potential and kinetic energy

Question 41

heat engine

Answer 41

a device that turns thermal energy into work (not 100% efficient)

Question 42

heat pump

Answer 42

two way heat mover (like a window AC unit)

Question 43

what is the heat of vaporization?

Answer 43

amount of energy released when a substance changes from a gas > liquid / liquid > gas

Question 44

what is heat of fusion?

Answer 44

energy released when a substance changes from liquid > solid or solid > liquid

Question 45

difference between heat mover and heat pump?

Answer 45

Heat mover only goes one way, heat pump goes two ways (cold to hot or hot to cold)