Heat Transfers and Energy Resources

Question 1

What is conduction?

Answer 1

The transfer of heat by particles colliding with each other

Question 2

In which state of matter does conduction occur in?

Answer 2

Solids, liquids and gases.

Question 3

What solids are the best at conducting?

Answer 3

Metals

Question 4

Which state of matter does conduction occur in the fastest and why?

Answer 4

Solids, because particles are close together

Question 5

Why are metals the best solids at conduction?

Answer 5

They have free, delocalised electrons.

Question 6

How does conduction occur?

Answer 6

When thermal energy is applied, particles move quicker, and bump into each other more often. This causes energy to be passed along, until the heat is evenly distributed.

Question 7

How does conduction occur?

Answer 7

When thermal energy is applied, particles move quicker, and bump into each other more often. This causes energy to be passed along, until the heat is evenly distributed.

Question 8

Why does conduction not work as well in liquids and gases?

Answer 8

Because the particles are too far apart

Question 9

Why does an ice cube make your hand feel cold?

Answer 9

Heat is leaving your hand to heat up the ice cube.

Question 10

Where can convection not occur?

Answer 10

Solids or vacuums

Question 11

In what states of matter can convection occur?

Answer 11

Liquids and gases

Question 12

Why can convection only occur in liquids and gases?

Answer 12

Because particles must be free to move

Question 13

How are convection currents created?

Answer 13

When a liquid or gas is heated, the particles gain energy and move around more quickly and take up more space. This creates a region of low density which rises upwards. As it rises, cool fluid rushes in from the side, and heats up. Meanwhile, the hot fluid at the top cools and starts to sink again.

Question 14

What is radiation?

Answer 14

It is the only way that energy can get to us from the sun. It travels as a wave, and does not require particles, so therefore can travel through a vacuum.

Question 15

What is infrared radiation?

Answer 15

The radiation we get from the sun, and it belongs in the same family as visible light and ultraviolet radiation. This family is called the Electromagnetic spectrum

Question 16

The electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 16

Question 17

What colour is the best at absorbing and emitting radiation?

Answer 17

Matt, black objects

Question 18

Are Matt, black objects good insulators?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

What colours are the best insulators of radiation?

Answer 19

White or silver shiny objects

Question 20

What are the worst absorbers/ emitters of radiation?

Answer 20

White/silver shiny objects

Question 21

How does the rate of absorbing/emitting radiation change with surface area?

Answer 21

The larger the surface area, the more radiation it is capable of absorbing and emitting.

Question 22

Which colour would be hotter, a shiny silver or Matt black?

Answer 22

Matt black

Question 23

In a house, where is heat energy lost to?

Answer 23

Question 24

How can you inhibit heat loss in walls and roofs?

Answer 24

Fibre-glass

Question 25

How does fibre-glass insulate your house?

Answer 25

It contains pockets of trapped air. Air can transfer heat by convection, but if it is not free to move, it is an insulator, as convection cannot happen. If you create many layers, heat cannot escape by conduction or convection.

Question 26

How can you prevent heat loss from draughts?

Answer 26

Gap fillers, because it inhibits convection.

Question 27

How can you prevent heat loss from windows?

Answer 27

Double glazing

Question 28

How does double glazing in windows work to prevent heat loss in your house?

Answer 28

Two sheets of glass, with trapped air in between. This makes conduction and convection less efficient.

Question 29

How can you prevent heat loss from the floor?

Answer 29

Using rugs

Question 30

How do rugs prevent heat loss to the floor?

Answer 30

By inhibiting conduction.

Question 31

What is a fuel?

Answer 31

A substance that stores chemical energy

Question 32

How do you release electricity from fuel?

Answer 32

The fuel is burnt, releasing heat energy, and so the chemical energy store in the fuel decreases. The thermal energy heats the water, and it turns into steam. The steam turns the turbine, which gains kinetic energy and the generator then transfers this into electrical energy.

Question 33

What are the two types of fuel?

Answer 33

Renewable and non renewable

Question 34

What are the two types of non renewable energy resources?

Answer 34

Fossil Fuels (coal, oil, gas) Nuclear

Question 35

What are the pros of fossil fuels?

Answer 35

Produce a lot of energy Relatively cheap Quick

Question 36

What are the cons of fossil fuels?

Answer 36

Finite Produces CO2 - Global warming Produces Sulfur dioxide - Acid rain

Question 37

What are the pros of nuclear energy?

Answer 37

No harmful gases emitted A lot of energy

Question 38

What are the cons of nuclear energy?

Answer 38

Nuclear waste stays radioactive Expensive Takes a long time to start up+ shut down

Question 39

What are the seven types of renewable energy resources?

Answer 39

Wind Solar Tidal Hydroelectric Geothermal Biofuel Waves

Question 40

What are the pros of wind energy?

Answer 40

No fuel costs Can be in isolated areas

Question 41

What are the cons of wind energy?

Answer 41

Not reliable Noisy and ugly

Question 42

What are the pros of solar energy?

Answer 42

No fuel costs

Question 43

What are the cons of solar energy?

Answer 43

Not reliable Low power output

Question 44

What are the pros of hydroelectric energy?

Answer 44

Reliable No fuel costs

Question 45

What are the cons of hydroelectric energy?

Answer 45

Flooding of land

Question 46

What are the pros of geothermal energy?

Answer 46

Reliable No fuel costs

Question 47

What are the cons of geothermal energy?

Answer 47

Only available in specific locations

Question 48

What are the pros of wave energy?

Answer 48

No fuel costs

Question 49

What are the cons of wave energy?

Answer 49

Not reliable Dangerous

Question 50

What are the pros of tidal energy?

Answer 50

Reliable No fuel costs High power output

Question 51

What are the cons of tidal energy?

Answer 51

Flooding river destroys habitats

Question 52

What are the pros of using biofuel as an energy source?

Answer 52

Carbon neutral Reliable High power output

Question 53

What are the cons of using biofuel as an energy source?

Answer 53

Huge amount of land used up Environmental impact if forest cleared