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Hydrotherapy > Heat Treatments > Flashcards

Heat Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Short heat applications are sedating or stimulating?

A

Stimulating

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2
Q

Longer heat treatments are sedating or stimulating?

A

Sedating

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3
Q

What is the difference between a warm and a hot treatment?

A

Warm treatments 33-38C. Hot treatments +38C.

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4
Q

Why must caution be taken with prolonged hot applications?

A

The large increase in metabolism can lead to overheating.

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5
Q

Hot applications do the following:

A

increase blood flow and cell metabolism. This happens between 40 and 45C.

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6
Q

Ultrasound is considered a superficial heat treatment. True or False?

A

False. Ultrasound is a deep penetrating treatment. It moves through subcutaneous tissues to deeper structures.

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7
Q

How deep do superficial treatments penetrate?

A

1cm. This is due to body’s heat-losing mechanisms.

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8
Q

Local effects of superficial treatments can be enhanced when used with other activities including:

A

passive range of motion, stretching and exercise.

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9
Q

Heat + stretch =’s

A

decreased pain and spasms and increased range of motion.

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10
Q

What is the first effect that occurs with the application of a heat source?

A

Vasodilation.

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11
Q

What happens during vasodilation

A

Blood rushes to the body surface so extra warmth can be released and the tissue doesn’t become damaged by excess heat.

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12
Q

Vasodilation is a form of derivation. Define derivation.

A

The movement of fluid away from the body core or from an inflamed or congested part toward the surface of the skin.

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13
Q

Derivation is a passive response. True or False?

A

True. It doesn’t require an expenditure of energy.

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14
Q

What does hydrostatic pressure do?

A

It (passively) moves blood to the body’s surface.

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15
Q

What produces a dilation of the superficial capillaries?

A

Heat. It brings more blood to the skin’s surface so excess warmth may be released.

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16
Q

Surface thermotherapy causes this.

A

A superficial vasodilation which draws fluid out of a deeper area of congestion.

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17
Q

The physiological changes that occur in response to heat depend upon:

A

1) the extent of the rise in tissue temperature. 2) the rate at which the heat is applied to the tissue. 3) size of treatment area.

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18
Q

If heat is applied too slowly, this could happen.

A

The heat added could be counterbalanced by the incoming cooler blood. Therapeutic levels of warmth may not therefore be obtained.

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19
Q

If temperature rises to quickly…

A

Heat may build up and tissue damage may occur.

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20
Q

Subcutaneous adipose tissue conducts heat well. True or false.

A

False. It conducts heat half as well as skin and a third as well as muscle.

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21
Q

What is a coupling medium?

A

A medium or a material paired with the temperature therapy to help tailor its effects to the goals of the treatment.

22
Q

An example of a coupling medium.

A

Moist warm towels.

23
Q

The larger the volume of tissue treated by theromtherapy, the greater…

A

The likelihood that the effects will be systemic or reflexive as well as local.

24
Q

Define metabolism

A

The sum of the chemical reactions in the body. These activities occur more rapidly with elevated temperature.

25
Q

What is Van’t Hoff’s Law?

A

Chemical reactions increase two to three times for every 10C temperature increase.

26
Q

The results of sufficient, well-tolerated heat include.

A

An increase in oxygen and nutrient uptake in tissues, enhancing tissue health and performance.

27
Q

Dilated vessels increase these 3 things:

A

1) rate of local blood flow. 2) the demand placed on the heart to deliver more nutrient-filled bood to active tissues. 3) increased metabolism.

28
Q

Cardiac output rises with heat. Approximately how many bmp does the pulse rise for every core temp increase of 1C.

A

6-10 beats per minute. This effect is usually strongest initially as the client relax under the influence of thermotherapy.

29
Q

This happens when there is a net shift of blood into the peripheral tissue beds.

A

The pressure in the core circulation decreases, tending to lower blood pressure.

30
Q

Hyperemia produces a quick rise in blood pressure. True or false.

A

True

31
Q

What is diaphoresis?

A

Excess sweating.

32
Q

How do you maintain good hemodilution throughout a treatment?

A

Encourage your client to drink water during their treatment.

33
Q

How does the skin help reduce the body’s toxicity during a thermotherapy treatment?

A

It acts as an elimination organ allowing perspiration.

34
Q

Name some organs of elimination.

A

The skin, the kidneys, lungs and liver.

35
Q

What is the most effective way of treating skeletal muscles?

A

Couple heat with exercise.

36
Q

How does heat affect joints?

A

It reduces their fluid viscosity and decreases their capsular stiffness.

37
Q

What part of the fascia does heat loosen?

A

Ground substance. It makes its fibre network more pliable and can help ‘unstick’ it from other structures.

38
Q

How can heat help with scar tissue?

A

It can stretch scars, improving their fibre alignment and reduce their tendency to adhere to tissues around them.

39
Q

Give an example of a reflex effect of heat.

A

Examples: intestinal cramping and diarrhea; improving ease of breathing; menstrual cramping; helping the ureters and smooth muscle of the bladder relax; gallbladder.

40
Q

Can heat applied to one limb induce vasodilation in the contralateral limb?

A

Yes.

41
Q

Define analgesic.

A

A painkilling effect.

42
Q

How does heat help reduce muscle guarding?

A

It can elevate an individual’s pain threshold, alter nerve conductivity and decrease the firing rates of muscle spindles.

43
Q

What 2 factors contribute to muscle guarding well after an injury has left the acute stage?

A

Tissue vulnerability and the experience of pain.

44
Q

Tension in muscles leads to these two things…

A

Compression of their intrinsic blood supply and drainage and pressure on local nerves.

45
Q

Shortening of muscles leads to:

A

Restricted movement.

46
Q

Why should a client not be permitted to sleep during a hot application?

A

Their ability to report on sensations would be diminished.

47
Q

Why must heat be used with caution on a person with a bleeding disorder (e.g., hemophilia)?

A

It can lead to an increase in the frailty of the capillaries. Heat can further tax those capilaries.

48
Q

Why would you want to monitor someone with diabetes?

A

They have compromised circulation in their extremities.

49
Q

Name a condition that would require the use of a thermophore?

A

achy, tight muscles; warming a chilled client.

50
Q

When would you use a hydrocollator?

A

In a situation that requires penetrating heat. (e.g., conditions like hyperkyphosis that would benefit from weight in addition to the heat.)

51
Q

AKA for fomentations

A

Alternating hot towels!

52
Q

Why do you cover a fomentation with a dry cloth or towel?

A

To help sustain the heat.

Hydrotherapy (4 decks)

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