heavy industry

Question 1

in early stages of industrial growth, the lighter industries(particularly textiles) had led the way. However, what did Witte believe?

Answer 1

Witte believed that by concentrating production in key areas and by developing large factory units of over 1000 or so workers, big increases in heavy goods production could be achieved + set up pattern for industrial development to 1914

Question 2

the main areas of industrial development were around

Answer 2

st petersburg and the baltic coast
moscow
provinces of vladimir
the Baku coalfields on the Caspian sea
and in poland

Question 3

caspian sea port of baku also grew tremendously
what happened to Russian oil production?

Answer 3

trebled from 153 million puds to almost 570 million between 1885and 1913

Question 4

Russia became not only internally self sufficient but also able to?

Answer 4

compete with the USA on the international market

Question 5

what did Russia place in world oil production?
and what did it rank in gold mining?

Answer 5

-russia took 2nd place in world oil production(after Texas,USA)
-country ranked fourth in gold mining

Question 6

what took overtook st petersburg as an industrial centre

Answer 6

Moscow because of its position as the hub of the entire rail network and the main link between Europe and the East.

Question 7

St Petersburg grew too, particularly in the engineering sector with the expansion of?

Answer 7

the putilov iron works

Question 8

The Putilov iron works

Answer 8

-nikolai putilov (retired naval ministry official) purchased a former state ironworks in 1867 to develop a railway factory
-under putilov descendants, the company specialised in machinery, artillery and products made of high quality steel
-by 1903 the firm devoted itself to armaments production supporting Russia through ww1

Question 9

by 1885, the company provided nearly how much of all state orders for locomotives,wages and rails?

Answer 9

nearly 1/4

Question 10

between 1891 and 1894 the workforce grew by?

Answer 10

two thousand

Question 11

number of factory workers 1887

Answer 11

1.3 million

Question 12

number of factory workers1908

Answer 12

2.6 million

Question 13

coal industrial production 1890 vs 1910

Answer 13

1890=5.9 million
1910=25.4 million

Question 14

fuelled by a growing internal demand there was also a growth in light industry and textiles which still accounted for how much of the total industrial output in 1910?

Answer 14

40%

Question 15

overall between 1908-1913 Russia experienced an impressive industrial growth rate of?

Answer 15

8.5% per year

Question 16

by 1914, Russia ranked where in industrial world power?

Answer 16

5th largest industrial power(after the UK, the USA, France and germany)

Question 17

one of the reasons why German generals urged war against Russia in 1914 was because they feared?

Answer 17

that delaying war any longer would allow Russian industrialisation to reach a point whereby Russia would outstrip the massive German economy