HEENT Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
Lesion is at the optic chiasm
A
Bitemporal Hemianopsia
2
Q
Occlusion of a branch of the central retinal artery; Ischemia of the optic nerve can also produce the similar defect
A
Horizontal Defect
3
Q
Causes Ptosis (3)
A
- Myasthenia Gravis
- CN 3 damage
- Damage to sympathetic nerve supply (Horner Syndrome)
4
Q
A harmless yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjuctiva
A
Pinguecula
5
Q
Localized ocular inflammation of the episcleral vessels
A
Episcleritis
6
Q
Causes Episcleritis (3)
A
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Sjogren Syndrome
- Herpes Zoster
7
Q
A painful, tender, red infection at the margin of the eyelid
A
Hordeolum (Stye)
8
Q
A subacute non-tender nodule caused by a blocked meibomian gland
A
Chalazion
9
Q
Slightly raised, yellowish, well-circumscribed cholesterol-filled plaques that appear along the nasal portions of one or both eyelids
A
- Xanthelesma
10
Q
A thin grayish white arc or circle not quite at the edge of the cornea
A
Corneal Arcus
11
Q
A golden to red brown ring, sometimes shading to green or blue, from copper deposition in the periphery of the cornea found in Wilsons Disease
A
Kayser-Fleischer Ring
12
Q
A superficial grayish white opacity in the cornea, secondary to an old injury or to an inflammation
A
Corneal Scar
13
Q
A triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly across the outer surface of the cornea, usually from the nasal side.
A
Pterygium
14
Q
Opacities of the lenses visible through the pupil.
A
Cataract
15
Q
Risk factors of Cataract (4)
A
- Older age
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Corticosteroid use
16
Q
Cataract that looks gray when seen by a flashlight
A
Nuclear Cataract
17
Q
Cataract - if the pupil is widely dilated, the gray opacity is surrounded by a black rim
A
Nuclear Cataract
18
Q
Cataract - produces spokelike shadows that point - gray against black, as seen with a flashlight, or black against red with an ophthalmoscope
A
Peripheral Cataract
19
Q
Effect on pupil when Anisocoria is greater in dim light than in bright light
A
the smaller pupil cannot dilate properly caused by an interruption of the sympathetic nerve supply
20
Q
Effect on pupil when Anisocoria is greater in bright light than in dim light
A
the larger pupil cannot constrict properly
21
Q
Causes of Anisocoria where it is greater in bright light than in dim (4)
A
- blunt trauma
- open-angle glaucoma
- impaired parasympathetic nerve supply to the iris
- occulomotor nerve paralysis
22
Q
Pupil is large, regular and usually unilateral
A
Tonic Pupil (Adie’s Pupil)
23
Q
The dilated pupil is fixed to light and near effort
A
CN III Paralysis
24
Q
Horner’s Syndrome symptoms (6)
A
S ympathetic A nhidrosis M iosis P tosis L oss of Ciliospinal Reflex E nopthalmos
25
Small, irregular pupils that accommodate but do not react to light
- Argyll Robertson
| - Central Nervous System Syphilis
26
The affected pupil, though small, reacts briskly to light and near effort
Horner's Syndrome
27
Caused by an imbalance in ocular muscle tone
Developmental Dysconjugate Gaze
28
CN6 Paralysis
Estropia appears when looking straight ahead
29
CN 4 Paralysis
cannot look down and in
30
Test for convergence is poor in ____
Hyperthyroidism
31
A small whitish depression in the optic disc, the entry point for retinal vessels
Physiologic Cup
32
These are developmental variations that appear as either white sclera, black retinal pigment, or both, especially along the temporal border of the disc
Rings and Crescents
33
What is the normal appearance of the Optic Disc (4)
- Color yellowish orange to creamy pink
- Disc vessels are tiny
- Disc margins are sharp (except perhaps nasally)
- Physiologic cup is located centrally or somewhat temporally
34
Appearance of Optic Disc during Papilledema (5)
- Color pink, hyperemic
- Often loss of venous pulsations
- Disc vessels more visible, more numerous, curve over the borders of the disc
- Disc swollen with margins blurred
- Physiologic Cup is not visible
35
Appearance of Optic Disc during Glaucomatous Cupping (2)
- Physiologic cup is enlarged, occupying more than half of the disc's diameter, at times extending to the edge of the disc
- Retinal vessels sink in and under it, and may be displaced nasally
36
Appearance of Optic Disc during Optic Atrophy (2)
- color white
| - Tiny disc vessels are absent
37
Small, linear, flame-shaped, red streaks in the fundi
Superficial Retinal Hemorrhages
38
Diplopia in one eye, with the other closed suggests a problem in the
Cornea
39
What do tragal or mastoid tenderness signify?
Middle ear infection (Otits Media)
40
Movement of the auricle and tragus (tug test) is painful in
Acute otitis externa
41
Rounded bony growth in the inner surface of the mandible. It is typically bilateral, asymptomatic and harmless.
Torus mandibularis
42
Valsalva maneuvers and leaning forward may increase pain from
Acute sinusitis
43
A subacute nontender, usually painless nodule caused by a blocked meibomian gland may become acutely inflamed usually points inside the lid.
Chalazion
44
There is thickening of the arterial wall, causing focal or generalized narrowing of the lumen and the light reflex.
Retinal arteries in hypertension
45
Occasionally the wall of narrowed artery becomes opaque so there is no visible blood.
Silver Wiring
46
Sometimes the arteries become full and somewhat tortuous and develop an increased light reflex with a bright coppery luster.
Copper Wiring
47
This headache is generalized, very severe “the worst of my life”
Thunderclap (Subarachnoid hemorrhage)
48
A sudden visual loss that is painless and unilateral. Consider the following causes (6)
- Vitreous Hemorrhage from Diabetes
- Trauma
- Macular Degeneration
- Retinal Detachment
- Retinal Vein Occlusion
- Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
49
Sudden, Unilateral, Painful Visual Loss (5)
- O ptic Neuritis from Multiple Sclerosis
- T raumatic Hyphema
- A cute Angle Closure Glaucoma
- C orneal Ulcer
- U veitis
50
there specks in the vision or areas where the patient cannot see
Scotomas
51
Headache:
| One side of the head, light and sound sensitivity
Migraine
52
Headache:
| Band around the head, Aching pressure, triggered by stress
Tension Headache
53
Headache:
• Behind one eye at a time
• Sometimes a series of headaches
• Swelling, redness, and sweating
Cluster Headache
54
Headache:
• Top of head
• Runny nose, sneezing, and watering eyes
Allergy Headache
55
Headache:
• Pain in Eyes and cheeks
• Pressure and facial pain
Sinus Headache
56
Red painless eye
- Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
| - A red eye with a gritty sensation in Viral Conjunctivitis
57
Hearing disorders of the external and middle ear cause conductive hearing loss. This includes (4)
- P erforated eardrum
- O titis media
- O tosclerosis of ossicles
- F oreign body
58
Hearing disorders of the inner ear cause sensorineural hearing loss. This includes (6)
- loud noise exposure
- inner ear infections
- trauma
- tremors
- congenital and familial disorders
- aging (Presbycusis)
59
Diagnostic criteria of acute bacterial sinusitis (Rhinosinusitis)
- Purulent Drainage
| - Facial Pain
60
If the nasal congestion is only on one side, consider the following (4)
- Deviated Nasal Septum
- Foreign Body
- Wegner Granuloma
- Carcinoma
61
This headache is sharp, intense, continuous, severe, unilateral, usually located behind or around the eye or temple. Associated symptoms are lacrimation, rhinorrhea, miosis, ptosis, eyelid edema and conjunctival infection.
Cluster Headache
62
The eyes are conjugate in right lateral gaze but not in left lateral gaze.
Left CN VI paralysis
63
A red eye with a gritty sensation is seen in
Viral conjunctivitis
64
Tongue that has lost its papillae, sometimes just in patches, suggests a deficiency in riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, vitamin B12, pyridoxine, or iron, or treatment with chemotherapy
Smooth Tongue (Atrophic Glossitis)
65
Benign condition, Food debris may accumulate in
| the crevices and become irritating
Fissured Tongue
66
A painful, round or oval ulcer, white or yellowish gray, surrounded by a halo of reddened mucosa in oral cavity
Aphthous Ulcer (Canker Sore)
67
The dorsum shows scattered smooth red areas denuded of papillae.
Geographic Tongue
68
A yellowish to brown or black elongated papillae on the tongue’s dorsum
Hairy Tongue
69
Light rays of images focus in front of the retina rather than directly on the retina causing blurred vision at a distance
Myopia (Nearsightedness)
70
Condition occurs when light entering the eye focuses behind the retina instead of directly on it
Hyperopia (Farsightedness)
71
Posterior pathway defects
- Stroke
| - Chiasmal Tumors
72
Anterior Pathway defects
- Glaucoma
- Optic Neuropathy
- Optic Neuritis
- Glioma
73
A condition of abnormal bone growth in the ear
Otosclerosis
74
WHO epidemiologic classification of cervical goiter Grade 1
palpable goiter, not visible when neck is held in normal position
75
A triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly across the outer surface of the cornea, usually from the nasal side. May interfere with vision as it encroaches on the pupil.
Pterydium
76
Enlargement by downward growth extends behind the Sternum
RETROSTERNAL GOITER
77
Enlarged Thyroid Gland with 2 or more identifiable nodules
Multinodular goiter
78
Diffuse enlargement of the thyroid in the absence of nodules and hyperthyroidism is referred to as
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
79
Age of onset of Conductive Hearing Loss
Childhood and young adulthood, up to age 40
80
Hearing seems to improve in noisy environment
Conductive Hearing Loss
81
Hearing worsens in noisy environment
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
82
Voice may be loud because hearing is difficult.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
83
Teeth may be affected by chemical action. This results from recurrent regurgitation of stomach contents, as in bulimia.
Erosion of teeth
84
The biting surface of the teeth by recurrent trauma
Abrasion of Tooth
85
Teeth are smaller, more widely spaced, biting surface are notched
Hutchinson’s Teeth
86
If hoarseness lasts over 2 weeks, consider
Voice overuse
87
Which part of the oral cavity is most sensitive to elicit gag reflex?
Posterior pharyngeal wall
88
Cancer of the tongue occurs most often on
side of the tongue, next most often is at the base
89
A precancerous condition that results from excessive exposure to sunlight and affects primarily the lower lip
Actinic cheilitis
90
The nasal mucosa may be pale, bluish or red.
Allergic rhinitis
91
Enlargement of a Supraclavicular node, especially on the left, suggests possible
Metastasis from a thoracic or abdominal malignancy
92
In assessing the extraocular muscle test, look for:
Lid Lag
93
(3) most important attributes of headache
- Severity
- Chronologic Pattern
- Associated Symptoms
94
Pupil is large (dilated), regular, and usually unilateral. Reaction to light is severely reduced and slowed, or even absent. Constriction during the near vision is present, although very slow.
Tonic Pupil (Adie’s Pupil)
95
Small, irregular pupils that accommodate but do not react to light
Argyll Robertson Pupils
96
The affected pupil, though small, reacts briskly to light and near effort. Ptosis of the eyelid is present, perhaps with loss of sweating on the
forehead
Horner’s Syndrome
97
Skin of the ear canal is thickened, red, and itchy
Chronic Otitis Externa
98
Canal is often swollen, narrowed, moist, pale, and tender
Acute Otitis Externa
99
Poorly formed Helix
SATYR EAR
100
May be due to nutritional deficiency or more commonly due to over-closure of the mouth, seen in people with no teeth or with ill-fitting dentures.
ANGULAR CHEILITIS
101
* A diffuse, non-pitting, tense swelling of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue
* It does not itch
ANGIOEDEMA
102
Congenital failure of the fusion of the Maxillary Process
Cleft Palate
103
Types of Primary Headache (4)
- Migraine Headache
- Tension Headache
- Cluster Headache
- Chronic Daily Headache
104
It is a category containing pre-existing headaches that have been transformed into more pronounced forms
Chronic Daily Headache
105
When does Secondary Headache more likely to occur?
after age 50 yrs with a sudden severe onset
106
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage is a bleeding from: (3)
- ruptured Cerebral Saccular Aneurysm
- Mycotic Aneurysm
- rarely from AV malformations
107
Progressive frequent or severe headache over 3-month period (3)
- Tumor
- Abscess
- Mass Lesion
108
Ear canal is often swollen, narrowed, moist, pale, tender; it may be reddened.
Acute Otits Externa
109
Most commonly involved sinuses in Acute Rhinosinusitis (in order):
- Maxillary
- Ethmoid
- Frontal
- Sphenoid
110
Artery involved in posterior epistaxis
Sphenopalatine Artery
111
Watershed area in the nose where Anterior bleeding occurs
Kiesselbach's Plexus
112
if there is sudden, unilateral, painful visual loss, what structures are usually involved (2)
- Cornea
| - Anterior Chamber
113
Disease of the bones that may cause enlargement and deformity of the skull among ADULTS
Osteitis Deformans (Pagets Disease)
114
common cause of Hydrocephalus
Obstruction in the internal circulation of the CSF
115
Pagets Disease age of onset
>45 years men
116
Premature closure of the Lamboid and Coronal sutures
Craniosynostosis (Oxycephaly / Steeple Skull)
117
Congenital Muscular Torticollis (CMT) is more common in:
Males on the right side
118
Edema + Change in Urine
Nephrotic Syndrome
119
where is mild jaundice seen
- Sclera
- Under the tongue
- posterior portion of the Hard Palate
120
Corneal Arcus in young people suggests a possible:
Hyperlipoproteinemia
121
Inflammation of the Lacrimal Sac
Dacryocystitis
122
Diffused Thyroid Enlargement is associated with: (3)
- Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
- Graves Disease
- Endemic Goiter
123
PE findings is Retrosternal Goiter (2)
- Venous Engorgement
| - Tracheal Displacement
124
Retinal Spot: Hard Exudate is due to:
Lipid deposition from leaking capillaries
125
Retinal Spots: Soft Exudate is often accompanied by:
Microaneurysm
126
Bulging Tympanic Membrane is seen in ______ Otitis Media
Acute Suppurative Otitis Media
127
Retracted Tympanic Membrane is seen in ______ Otitis Media
Serous Otitis Media
128
Pigmented spots on the lips, buccal mucosa, hands, face
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
129
Red, soft, tumor-like mass on internal papillae seen in Pregnancy Tumor, Pyogenic Granuloma
Epulis
130
Candidiasis is due to: (2)
- prolonged antibiotics or corticosteroid use
| - AIDS
131
A sac of dead skin cells that forms in a pocket in the Middle Ear
Cholesteatoma
