Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Primary care > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q 
Conjunctivitis 
Visual acuity 
Pain 
FB sensation 
Photophobia 
Discharge
A 
VA- no 
Pain- no 
FB- gritty 
Photophobia- no 
D/c- yes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Visual acuity 
Pain 
FB sensation 
Photophobia 
Discharge
A

NO TO ALL

caution on coumadin check INR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
Blepharitis 
Visual acuity 
Pain 
FB sensation 
Photophobia 
Discharge
A 
VA-no 
Pain- no 
FB- no 
Photophobia- no 
d/c- yes crusting yellow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stye

A

pimple, painful, erythema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chalazion

A

plugged membolian gland, not painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
Open angle glaucoma 
Visual acuity 
Pain 
FB sensation 
Photophobia 
Discharge
A 
Visual acuity YES
Pain  YES
FB sensation 
Photophobia YES
Discharge

EMERGENCY
headache nausea vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Physical exam findings acute angle glaucoma

A

hand over eye
pupil- abnormal, fixed
cloudy haze over eye
ciliary flush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
Foreign body 
Visual acuity 
Pain 
FB sensation 
Photophobia 
Discharge
A 
Visual acuity 
Pain maybe
FB sensation Yes
Photophobia maybe
Discharge Yes-watery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
Corneal abrasion 
Visual acuity 
Pain 
FB sensation 
Photophobia 
Discharge
A 
Visual acuity maybe
Pain yes
FB sensation YES!! cornea= fb sensation 
Photophobia yes
Discharge watery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
Keratitis- define 
Visual acuity 
Pain 
FB sensation 
Photophobia 
Discharge
A 
infection of cornea 
Visual acuity probably
Pain yes
FB sensation yes
Photophobia yes
Discharge various (herpes, bacterial from contacts)

REFER to OPTHAMOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
Episcleritis- define
Visual acuity 
Pain 
FB sensation 
Photophobia 
Discharge

asociated with??

A 
infection on top of sclera 
Visual acuity no
Pain ache
FB sensation no
Photophobia no
Discharge no

superficial gritty
chrons lyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
Scleritis 
Visual acuity 
Pain 
FB sensation 
Photophobia 
Discharge

associated with??

A 
Visual acuity Yes
Pain Yes
FB sensation No
Photophobia Possible
Discharge Tearing

need to be seen by opthamology within 48 hours for ocular steroids

autoimmune: RA lupus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
Iritis-define 
Visual acuity 
Pain 
FB sensation 
Photophobia 
Discharge

PE FINDING
associated with:

A 
inflamed ciliary body 
Visual acuity Yes
Pain Yes
FB sensation No
Photophobia YES (INTENSE)
Discharge watery or none

pinpoint pupil doesn’t respond to light
associated with: idiopathic or undiagnosed syphillis sarcoid
Opthamology within days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q 
Hyphema- define 
Visual acuity 
Pain 
FB sensation 
Photophobia 
Discharge
A 
blood anterior chamber 
Visual acuity yes
Pain yes
FB sensation no
Photophobia no
Discharge no

trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q 
Hypopion-define 
Visual acuity 
Pain 
FB sensation 
Photophobia 
Discharge
A 
pus anterior chamber 
Visual acuity yes
Pain yes
FB sensation no
Photophobia no
Discharge

keratitis—

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Pterygium and Pinguecela 
Visual acuity 
Pain 
FB sensation 
Photophobia 
Discharge
A

NO to all

pterygium- spend outside time on water; overgrowth of clear tissue not harmful
pinguecela- same but doesn’t cross into the iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Eye conditions to refer

A 
keratitis 
scleritis 
iritis 
hyphema 
hypopion 
GLAUCOMA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Conjuncitivitis
Organisms
Treatment

A

Staph, strep pneumo, h. flu (esp. kids)
also pseudomonas

Erythromycin ointment 
if pseudomonas (contact lens wearer) then fluoroquinolone like cipro or tobrex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
Conjunctivitis 
Bacterial 
Viral 
Allergic 
Chemical
A

bacterial- kids, unilateral, d/c throughout day not just morning, thick globby
viral- watery, stringy, clear, bilateral, cold or URI
allergic- itchy, watery, other sx sneezing or conj edema
chemical- swimming, pool, sunscreen, mixed up eye drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Open angle glaucoma
what vision problem? symptoms? PE?

Macular degeneration? common in?

A

peripheral vision loss, painless, increased cup to disc ratio
increased risk: + fh, AA, diabetic

central vision loss, women/europen/fair skin, smoking, family hx/sun exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Blepharitis
organism
can lead to?
treatment

what if suspected cellulitis?

associated with??

A

-staph
-can lead to stye or chalazion
-erythromycin
if suspected cellulitis need abx stable in presence of beta lactamase- do not choose 1st generation cephalosporin like keflex- choose dicloxacillin or 2nd gen like levaquin

associated with eczema or seborrhea

22
Q

Angular chelitis

organism

A

candida albicans, staph
treat with nystatin
htn

23
Q

white/red painless patch in mouth

risk

A

squamous cell carcinoma: back in two weeks send to ENT if didnt go away

risk: smoking, etoh, chewing tobacco
HPV- young men

24
Q

Oropharyngeal candidiasis

treatment

A

nystatin

clotrimazole lozenges

25
Q

Canker sore aka
caused by

PE
treatment

A

aphthous ulcer
stress, food sensitivity, b12 deficiency, cbc

grey flatish with erythema painful

triamcinolone-oral steroid in orabase QID TID
magic mouthwash

26
Q

Sinusitis
symptoms
Exam

Treatment when?

A

pain pressure halitosis fever headache cough
PE: bacterial red maybe just one side (unilateral, hurts here)
+/- transillumination (doesnt diff. between viral and bacterial)

Sx >10d
double sickening
severe 3-4 days (fever 102, purulent drainage, facial pain)

27
Q

Sinusitis orgranism

Sinusitis treatment
PCN allergic?
Kids?

2nd line for tx failure

A

s. pneumo, h. flu, m. catarrhalis

Augmentin/amoxicillin
allergic: doxy
kids allergic: cefixime + clindamycin, levaquin
5-7 days adults, 10-14 days kids

2nd line: high dose augmentin, cefixime,

28
Q

Sinusitis treatment
improve within ____

consider starting 2nd line drug for:

A

3-5 days

age 65 
antibiotics in last month 
hospitalization past 5 days 
comorbidities 
immunocompromised
29
Q

Presbyscusis:
slowly progressive ____
_____ goes first
usually _____

Presbyopia: define, difficulty with ___

cataracts are ____

A

hearing loss, high frequency goes first, usually bilateral

presbyopia: hardening of lens, difficulty with near vision

cataracts are common

30
Q

Pediatric bacterial pharyngitis
Classic presentation:

Accounts for ___ to ___% of all cases of pharyngitis age ___ to ____

occurs during which season?

Which age group?

A

may not have a fever
wake up with headache, abdominal pain, n/v *sandpaper rash
other: exudates, white coating of tongue, petechiae, inflamed uvula, tender ANTERIOR cervical nodes

15-30% of all cases age 5-15

Winter and early spring

School age* but younger if contact

31
Q

Pediatric bacterial pharyngitis
When do you treat?

Incubation period

Clinical improvement

A

in pediatrics should be confirmed with throat culture before initiated

2-4 days; fever/symptoms usually resolve 3-4 days even without abx

Improvement within 48 hours

32
Q

Pedatric bacterial pharyngitis
Treatment

If allergic?

A

Oral pen v X10 days

Amoxicillin is recomennded for children because it comes as chewable, good flavors

Macrolides, azithromycin

Rapid strep + TREAT - culture

33
Q

Complications of group A strep
NONSUPPURATIVE

SUPPURATIVE

A

NONSUPPURATIVE: Acute rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis, PANDAS

SUPPURATIVE (EXUDATE ASSOCIATED)
tonsillopharyngeal cellulitis or abscess, OM, sinusitis, necrotizing fascitis, strep bacteremia, meningitis or brain abscess

34
Q

Epiglottitis
Define

Symptoms

Bacteria

Treatment

A

Inflammation of epiglottis (anterior to larynx)

Abrupt rapid- THREE D’s
Dysphagia, drooling, distress
Tripod position

H.flu*** less frequent because of vaccine

3rd generation:
Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime +
Clindamycin or vancomycin

35
Q

Mononucleosis
Classic presentation

PE findings

A

fever, pharyngitis, adenopathy, fatigue, atypical lymphocytosis

PE: *Lymph nodes: POSTERIOR cervical node enlargement (unilateral or bilateral) *Splenomegaly (50-60% of patients fade by 3 weeks)
*Maculopapular rash (follows ampicillin or amoxicillin)

36
Q

Mononucleosis

Diagnosis

A 
*+ Epstein Barr titer OR + monospot 
(if only been 4 or 5 monospot will be -, Epstein barr will be positive right away: 2 weeks probably monospot +)
*Lymphocytosis 
*10% atypical lymphocytes on smear
*Elevated LFT

Epstein barr- sore throat, fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy (adolescent think mono)

37
Q

Monospot based on the detection of _____

A

heterophile antibodies (antibodies to epstein barr virus)

38
Q

Mononucleosis

transmission

A

salivary secretions

EBV can be shed in the oropharynx for a decade, doesn’t mean will pass it on for all those years

39
Q

Mononucleosis
Treatment

Sports

A

May do short burst steroid if really uncomfortable
SUPPORTIVE care
Tylenol or NSAID
Rest

Sports: 50% develop enlarged spleen, avoid activities for rupture* also fatigue
Can monitor lymphocytes (variable wait 2-4 weeks without activity)

40
Q 
Otitis Media 
Incidence
how many by one year? 
how many by two-three years? 
Boys vs. girls
A

Most common office visit
60-80% have by one year
80-90% by 2-3 years
Boys more common

41
Q

Otitis Media
Preceded by

Structure

A

viral URI–>edema, congestion

Eustachian tube more horizontal, doesn’t angle to drain

42
Q 
Otitis media 
Age: 
Predisposing factors: 
Highest risk: 
Other risks:
A

Age: 6-18 months of age
Predisposing: Bottle feeding,day care
Highest risk: URI
Other risks: Tobacco smoke air pollution

43
Q

OM

Organisms

A

Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus flu
Moraxella catarrhalis

Even with pneumococcal vaccine, these remain consistent

44
Q

OM

insufflator

A

want drum to move back and forth= healthy

doesn’t move= not healthy

45
Q

OM S/S

A

Ear pain (tugging, not eating if

46
Q

Differentiate acute otitis media (AOM) from otitis media with effusion

A

with effusion= bulging TM, no light reflex

this is more common

47
Q

Treatment OM

2nd line:

If h. flu suspected?

If allergy?

A

First line: amoxicillin
90 mg/kg (2 doses) X 10 days

2nd line:
Augmentin or beta-lactam abx

H. flu (conj, congestion, cough TRIPLE C)=
Augmentin

Allergy: azithromycin

48
Q

Most common cause of tonsillitis in children

A

Adenovirus

49
Q

Viral pharyngitis

Etiologic agents

A 
Respiratory viruses 
Adenoviruses 
Coxsackie A virus 
Influenza 
Parainfluenza virus
50
Q

Viral pharyngitis
Most common cause and where it is found

Associated with
Duration

A

Adenovirus daycare centers and households with young children

Respiratory febrile illness, young children

5-7 days, can persist 2 weeks

51
Q

Adenovirus transmission
cause of

transmitted by

killed by

treatment

A

Viral pharyngitis, febrile respiratory illness in young children

aerosol droplets
fecal oral
contaminated fomits

survive for long periods BLEACH

treatment: supportive

52
Q 
Adenovirus symptoms
Two main: 
Associated with: 
Other general symptoms: 
Symptoms that may be confused with other illness:
A

pharyngitis coryza

(associated with conj, laryngirtis, bronchitis, OM, pneumonia) most common cause tonsillitius

Fever malaise, HA, myalgia, abdominal pain

Exudative tonsillitis and cervical adenopathy (may be indistinguishable with group A strep)

Primary care (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions