HEENT

Question 1

definition: 2 paired salivary glands that lie superficial to and behind the mandible

Answer 1

parotid glands

Question 2

definition: lies deep to the mandible; can present an airway emergency when enlarged

Answer 2

submandibular gland

Question 3

artery that passes superficially just in front of the ear

Answer 3

superficial temporal artery

Question 4

definition: protect the cornea from drying out, inhibits microbial growth, and gives a smooth optical surface to the cornea

Answer 4

tears

Question 5

tear fluid comes from ________ _______ and drains into the __________ _________ into the ____________ _________ and into the nose via the ____________ _____________

Answer 5

lacrimal gland; lacrimal punctum; lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct

Question 6

definition: innermost layer of the eye; layer that eyeball focuses light onto

Answer 6

retina

Question 7

definition: controls pupillary size

Answer 7

muscles of the iris

Question 8

definition: controls the thickness of the lens, allowing the eye to focus on near and distant objects

Answer 8

ciliary body

Question 9

fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye

Answer 9

aqueous humor

Question 10

the posterior part of the eye; contains the retina, choroid, fovea, macula, optic disc, and retinal vessels

Answer 10

fundus

Question 11

name the three compartments of the ear

Answer 11

1. external ear
2. middle ear
3. inner ear

Question 12

contains the auricle, ear canal, tympanic membrane

Answer 12

external ear

Question 13

contains ossicles (incus, malleus, stapes) and eustachian tune which connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx

Answer 13

middle ear

Question 14

contains the cochlea (senses and codes vibrations) and cochlear nerve (receives nerve impulses which are sent to the brain)

Answer 14

inner ear

Question 15

which pathway of hearing starts at the external ear through the middle ear?

Answer 15

the conductive phase

Question 16

which pathway of hearing involves the cochlea and cochlear nerve (CN VIII)?

Answer 16

the sensorineural phase

Question 17

the medial wall of each nasal cavity is formed by the __________ __________

Answer 17

nasal septum

Question 18

the lateral wall of the nose is formed by the _____________ and their corresponding meatus

Answer 18

turbinates

Question 19

principle functions of the nose

Answer 19

cleansing, humidification, and temperature control

Question 20

lies under the tongue; connects tongue to floor of mouth

Answer 20

lingual frenulum

Question 21

how many teeth does a normal adult have?

Answer 21

32

Question 22

how many teeth does a normal child have?

Answer 22

20

Question 23

what three structures form the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 23

mandible, sternomastoid muscle, and midline of the neck

Question 24

what three structures from the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 24

sternomastoid muscle, clavicle, and trapezius muscle

Question 25

muscle that crosses the lower portion of the posterior triangle; can be mistake for lymph node

Answer 25

omohyoid muscle

Question 26

the great vessels (internal/external jugular, carotid artery) lie just below what muscle?

Answer 26

sternomastoid muscle

Question 27

hyperopia/presbyopia

Answer 27

farsightedness

Question 28

myopia

Answer 28

nearsightedness

Question 29

ex: cerumen (wax), otitis externa, squamous cell carcinoma, perforation of eardrum, cholesteatoma

Answer 29

conductive hearing loss

Question 30

ex: viruses (rubella and CMV), drugs (ahminoglycosides, loop diuretics), trauma/noise exposure

Answer 30

sensorineural hearing loss

Question 31

usually associated with upper respiratory infections

Answer 31

sore throat

Question 32

can be caused by local lesions or systemic illness

Answer 32

sore tongue

Question 33

caused by diseases of the larynx or extra laryngeal lesions pressing on laryngeal nerves

Answer 33

hoarseness

Question 34

symptoms: temperature intolerance/sweating, new palpitations or change in weight

Answer 34

thyroid dysfunction

Question 35

test used to measure visual acuity. pt 20ft from chart, cover an eye and read smallest line

Answer 35

Snellen eye chart

Question 36

what should you be able to see with an opthalmoscopic exam?

Answer 36

optic disc, retina (arteries, veins, and macula)

Question 37

what cranial nerve are you testing when you ask the pt to stick out their tongue and observe for symmetry?

Answer 37

CN XII

Question 38

what cranial nerve are you testing by observing the rise of the soft palate when patient opens mouth and says "ah"?

Answer 38

CN X

Question 39

clue to a difficult intubation: dry cough

Answer 39

possible tracheobronchial compression

Question 40

clue to a difficult intubation: easy bleeding

Answer 40

epistaxis risk

Question 41

clue to a difficult intubation: GERD

Answer 41

aspiration risk

Question 42

clue to a difficult intubation: longstanding DM

Answer 42

limited cervical mobility

Question 43

clue to a difficult intubation: loud snoring

Answer 43

prone to soft-tissue obstruction/obstructive sleep apnea

Question 44

clue to a difficult intubation: major trauma

Answer 44

unstable neck, limited safe mobility

Question 45

clue to a difficult intubation: radiation to the neck

Answer 45

fibrosis, immobility of larynx

Question 46

clue to a difficult intubation: recent temporal craniotomy

Answer 46

limited mandibular mobility

Question 47

clue to a difficult intubation: smoking

Answer 47

salivation, cough, laryngospasm

Question 48

clue to a difficult intubation: undigested food returning to mouth

Answer 48

aspiration risk from pharyngeal pouch

Question 49

full visibility of tonsils, uvula and soft palate

Answer 49

mallampati I

Question 50

visibility of hard and soft palate, upper portion of tonsils and uvula

Answer 50

mallampati II

Question 51

soft and hard palate and base of the uvula are visible

Answer 51

mallampati III

Question 52

only hard palate visible

Answer 52

mallampati IV

Question 53

acceptable thyromental distance

Answer 53

≥ 6cm

Question 54

acceptable mouth opening

Answer 54

≥ 3cm

Question 55

definition: increased adrenal cortisol production produces a round "moon" face with red cheeks, also may have excessive hair growth on face

Answer 55

cushing's syndrome

Question 56

definition: face is edematous and often pale. swelling first appears around the eyes and in the morning. eyes may become slit like when swelling is severe

Answer 56

nephrotic syndrome

Question 57

definition: swelling is anterior to earlobes and above angles of jaw (unilateral)

Answer 57

parotid gland enlargement

Question 58

definition: increased growth hormone production causes enlargement of bone and soft tissues, not the head is elongated usually with prominence of the forehead, nose, lips and ears

Answer 58

acromegally

Question 59

definition: decreased facial mobility; blunts expression; mask-like faces

Answer 59

parkinson's disease

Question 60

drooping of upper lid caused by myasthenia graves, damage to the oculomotor never, or damage to the sympathetic nerve supply = hornet's syndrome

Answer 60

ptosis

Question 61

protrusion of the eyeball, a common feature of grave's disease

Answer 61

exophthalmos

Question 62

opacities of the lenses visible through the pupil; risk factors: old age, smoking, diabetes, corticosteroid use

Answer 62

cataract

Question 63

limits based on pupillary reaction

Answer 63

glass eye

Question 64

a firm, nodular, hypertrophic mass of scar tissue extending beyond the area of injury; common among dark skinned people

Answer 64

keloid

Question 65

a deposit of uric acid crystals characteristic of chronic tophaceous gout, can appear on ears, joints, hands and feet

Answer 65

tophi

Question 66

in chronic RA, loof for on the ears, as well as ulna distal to the elbow, knees, and heels

Answer 66

rheumatoid nodules

Question 67

may show a telangiectatic vessel, ulcer, rarely metastasizes. frequent in fair-skinned people with over exposure to sunlight

Answer 67

basal cell carcinoma