HEENT Flashcards
(24 cards)
Function of salivary gland
production of saliva ( to moisten food, to prevents caries, to initiate digestion of carb)
Three paired gland ( paroid gland, submandible gland, sublingual gland)
adolescent facial development
Subtle changes i facial appearance occur throughout childhodd. In male adolescents, the nose and thyroid cartilage enlarged, and facial hair develops, emerging first on the upper lip. then in cheeks . lower lip and chin
Purpose of cranial bone accommodation
brain growth, ossification of the sutures begins after completion of brian growth , at about 6 years of ge, and is finished by adulthood. The fontanel ossify earlier , with the posterior fontanel usualy closing by 2 months of age and anterior fontanel closing by 24 months of age.
facial pigmentation of pregnancy
beginning after 16 weeks of gestation, many pregnant woman develop blotchy, brownish hyperpigmentation of hte face, particularly over the malar prominences and the forehead. This Chloasma, also called mask of pregnancy
changes of thyroid in pregnancy
The thyroid glan hypertrophies and may become palpable. The hypertrophy is caused by hyperplasia of the glandular tissue and increased vascularity. and because of that bruit may be heard.
sign of hyperthyroidism
goiter, weight loss, tachycardia, bruit over thyroid gland. confirmation of diagnosis i smade by measuring blood levels of TSH, free T4
Thyroid bruit is related to
with enlarged thyroid gland, because of increased blood supply, listen with bell
what does temporal bruit represent
If NP suspects a vascular anomaly of the brain, she should use the bell of SC and listen over the temporal region, over hte eye and below the occiput. A BRUIT IS SUGGETIVE OF VASCULAR ANOMALY AND ASSOCIATED WITH TEMPORAL ARTERITIS. In older adult any thickening, hardness, or tender over the arteries may be associated with temporal arteritis.
symptoms of hypothyroidism?under active thyroid
weight gain, constipation, fatigue and cold intolerance, dry skin, puffiness around eye, menorrhagia, coarse hair.
nuchal rigidity is related to
The stiff neck and nuchal rgidity related to meningitis and intracranial hemorrhage, ( chin to chest movement)
sinus infection in children
since the sinuses are not developed till 6 years old, children under 6 years old dont get sinus infection
what can iritis result in
acute uveitis is commonly unilateral; constriction of pupil accompanied by pain and reddened eye, especially adjacent to the iris.
what causes herpes labialis
mmmmm
evaluation of hearing loss
cranial nerve 8 is tested by evaluating hearing ( whispered voice ). For detection of hearing loss ask the pt if they have hearing problem or hearing los is associated with detecting a mild or moderated hearing impairment with audiometric. ( Conductive hearing loss= reduced transmission of sound to teh middle ear, sensorineural hearing loss+ damage to CN , Meniere disease= genetic )
what is the sensory network of the eye
mmmm
size of eye vein compared to eye artery
eye vein is larger than eye artery
which ethnic group has an increased risk of oral cancer
age over 40 , men more than women, excessive alcohol use, smoking,HPV, HIV,…
significance of red light reflex
Absence of red reflex is often the result of improperly positioned ophthalomoscope or total opacity ofth epupil by cataract or hemorrhaged. Red light reflex has to be done for newborn and above.
why a patient hold his head in tilted position
?
most common area of nasal bleeding
little area
chvostek sign
percussion on the masseter muscle may produce a hyperactive masseteric reflex, ( due to hypercalcemia )
petropharyngeal abscess
life threatening infection in the lateral pharyngeal space that has the potential to occlude the airway and most commonly occur in children.
hearing loss in adult
exposure to industrial or recreational noise, ototoxic, medication, genetic disease ( meniere disease), neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorder, syphilis
Hearing loss in infant and children
prenatal factor ( maternal infection, irradiation, drug abuse, syphilis)
birth weight less than 1500 g
sever hyperbilirubinemia,
infection, cleft palate,, craniofacial abnormalities,
ototoxic medication use,
head trauma,
hypoxic episode
