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Question 1

3 types of soil

Answer 1

• grassland: thick A level topsoil - absorbing H2O, high in nutrients, dead/decomposing materials
• forest: thin topsoil - rocky B level, roots have to reach down to B
• desert: extremely thin A (no H2O / organisms), thick rocky B/C

Question 2

A soil

Answer 2

spongy laters, absorbs nutrients. Top layer

Question 3

B soil

Answer 3

mix of A and C

Question 4

C soil

Answer 4

fragment bedrock (granite from canadian shield) bottom layer

Question 5

climax community

Answer 5

an ecosystem operating at its maximum productivity with the larger plants/animals

Question 6

succession

Answer 6

to succeed and move forward

Question 7

primary succession

Answer 7

ends in a climax community, takes thousands of years, starts on bare rock, pioneer organisms (lichens), formation of soil, introduction of moss, holds more H2O

Question 8

secondary succession

Answer 8

ends in a climax community, occurs after a natural disaster, takes about 80 years

Question 9

pioneer organisms

Answer 9

releases enzymes in cracks of rocks to break it down

Question 10

wetlands

Answer 10

necessity to terrestrial aquatic ecosystems, sphagnum miss: peat: money

Question 11

bogs

Answer 11

prevent flooding and erosion, holds H2O , slow growth/acidic

Question 12

preservation

ex: ducks of unlimited

Answer 12

reduce nitrogen input, affect waterfowl, phytoremediation

Question 13

phytoremediation

Answer 13

use plants to fix/restore

Question 14

tragedy of commons

Answer 14

unequal division of resources

Question 15

ecological footprint

Answer 15

• relationship between living/non-living
• area affected by people
• area needed for living+area needed for waste+area needed for resources