Helath,Fitness.Wellness Flashcards

Question

Bone marrow

Answer 1

Bone marrow is the soft, spongy tissue that is in the medullary cavities (centers) of bones. Healthy bone marrow is an essential part of the body, as it contains stem cells that produce blood cells and the cells that make up the immune system.

Answer 2

What are tonsils? Your tonsils are two round, fleshy masses in the back of your throat (pharynx). Part of your immune system, your tonsils are like lymph nodes. They help filter out germs that enter through your nose or mouth to protect the rest of your body from infection.

Answer 3

An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen makes lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach.

Answer 4

The thymus gland is in the chest between the lungs. It makes white blood cells (T lymphocytes) which are part of the immune system and help fight infection. The thymus gland is in the chest, between the lungs and behind the breastbone or sternum.

Answer 5

hair ,skin, nails

Answer 6

maintains body temperature protects from environment lubricates

Answer 7

provides insulation

Answer 8

protects fingers and nails

Answer 9

Controls body through hormones Maintains homeostasis Glands and hormones they produce

Answer 10

Produce and release spermatozoa, which is another word for sperm cells

Answer 11

produce sperm, most men have 2 testes, (testicles)

Answer 12

sac that encloses the testes

Answer 13

Gland that produces semen

Answer 14

carries sperm up towards the urethra

Answer 15

passes urine throught the penis outside the body

Answer 16

made up of erectile tissue

Answer 17

can be transmitted by people, caused by germs

Answer 18

cannot be transmiited from people

Answer 19

one celled organism (example: strep throat)

Answer 20

genetic material and protein coat (example: influenza)

Answer 21

plant like organisms (example: athlete's foot)

Answer 22

microorganisms that live on other living things (example: Malaria)

Answer 23

CAD is the most common type of heart disease in the United States. For some people, the first sign of CAD is a heart attack. Research suggests that CAD (also referred to as coronary heart disease, CHD) starts when certain factors, such as high blood pressure, damage the inner layers of the coronary arteries.1

Answer 24

A stroke happens when there is a loss of blood flow to part of the brain. There are three types of strokes: an ischemic stroke, a hemorrhagic stroke, and a transient ischemic attack (TIA), or mini-stroke). Most strokes (85%) are ischemic strokes, where the artery that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the brain becomes blocked.

Answer 25

Hypertension is another term for high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force at which blood pushes against the artery walls. Each time the heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries. When you get your blood pressure taken, you are given two numbers. The first number is your pressure when your heart beats (systolic pressure). The second number is your pressure when your heart relaxes (diastolic pressure). For example, 120 over 80 means a systolic of 120 and a diastolic of 80. An individual is diagnosed with high blood pressure if the systolic is 140 or higher or the diastolic is 90 or higher.

Answer 26

Cancer is the name given to a collection of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body's cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues. Normally, human cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. When cancer develops, however, this orderly process breaks down. As cells become increasingly abnormal, old or damaged cells survive when they should die, and new cells form when they are not needed. These extra cells can divide without stopping and may form growths called tumors.

Answer 27

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that intermittently inflames and narrows the airways in the lungs. The inflammation makes the airways swell. Asthma causes periods of wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. People who have asthma may experience symptoms that range from mild to severe and occur rarely or every day. A very severe case of asthmatic symptoms is called an asthma attack.

Answer 28

Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes people to have recurring seizures. Seizures happen when clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain send out the wrong signals. The effects on the body vary based on where in the brain a seizure is happening. People may have strange sensations and emotions or behave strangely. Too many brain cells sending signals at the same time causes an overload. The person may have violent muscle spasms or lose consciousness. People who have epilepsy may have seizures only once in a while or as frequently as every day.

Answer 29

Diabetes is a disease in which a person's blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. The body uses the hormone insulin to bring the blood glucose into the body's cells to make energy. People who are diabetic either do not produce enough insulin or do not make any insulin.

Answer 30

The first component that most people associate with being physically fit is cardiorespiratory fitness. Cardiorespiratory fitness is the ability to perform large-muscle, whole-body exercise at moderate to vigorous intensities for extended periods of time. Cardiovascular fitness may also be referred to as aerobic exercise or aerobic activities because it requires the heart, healthy lungs, and blood in the blood vessels to supply the body with oxygen. The difference between this component and the others is that the activities can be sustained over a long time and improve the fitness of the heart and lungs.

Answer 31

Muscular strength is the amount of force a muscle group can produce. It is usually measured by the maximum amount of force produced in a single effort. In other words, it is how much weight you can lift, push, or pull one time.

Answer 32

There are activities, such as skiing and walking uphill, that require specific muscle groups to work for longer periods of time. These activities fall into the category of muscular endurance.

Answer 33

flexibility refers to the movement of the joints. The definition of flexibility is the ability of the joints to move through their full range of motion.

Answer 34

Homeostasis literally means "stable body." It is the automatic process the body uses to remain internally stable while adjusting to conditions. For example, if you don't drink fluids throughout the day, you would start to feel thirsty, which is your body's mechanism to trigger you to drink. How does homeostasis work with the sleep-wake cycle? Sleep-wake homeostasis keeps track of the body's need for sleep. The homeostatic sleep drive reminds the body to sleep after a certain time and regulates sleep intensity. This sleep drive gets stronger every hour you are awake and causes you to sleep longer and more deeply after a period of sleep deprivation.2

Answer 35

Your body has several internal clocks, called circadian clocks. These typically follow a 24-hour repeating rhythm called the circadian rhythm. Your central circadian clock, located in your brain, tells you when it is time for sleep. Other circadian clocks are located in organs throughout your body. Your body's internal clocks are in sync with certain cues in the environment. For example, light signals received through your eyes tell a special area in your brain that it is daytime. This area of your brain helps align your body clock with periods of the day and night. Light, darkness, and other cues help determine when you feel awake and when you feel drowsy. The rhythm diminishes and shifts due to aging, which impacts the sleep-wake cycle.

Answer 36

Stage 1 (non-REM sleep) is the transition between wakefulness and sleep. During this short period (lasting several minutes), the body fluctuates between relatively light sleep and wakefulness.

Answer 37

When you reach stage 2, you are asleep. Stage 2 non-REM is a period of sleep before entering deeper sleep. The heartbeat and breathing slow, and muscles relax even further. Tip: A person spends more of the repeated sleep cycles in stage 2 sleep than in other sleep stages.

Answer 38

Stage 3 non-REM sleep is called deep sleep or slow-wave sleep. The body needs this stage to feel refreshed in the morning. Tip: Stage 3 occurs in longer periods during the first half of the night.

Answer 39

REM sleep first occurs about 75–90 minutes after falling asleep. In REM sleep, the eyes move rapidly from side to side behind closed eyelids. The breathing becomes faster and irregular, and the heart rate and blood pressure increase to near waking levels. Tip: Most of the dreaming occurs during REM sleep, although some can also occur in non-REM sleep. The arm and leg muscles become temporarily paralyzed, which prevents a person from acting out the dreams. REM sleep usually occurs later in the night, and people do not experience as much REM sleep in colder temperatures.

Answer 40

The Primary Function of Carbohydrates: Energy If you crave carbohydrates, it may be a sign that your body needs more energy. Only carbohydrates can provide a quick source of energy that your body uses for your cells, tissues, and organs. How much energy can you get from carbohydrates? For every gram of carbohydrate you eat, you get four calories of energy.

Answer 41

Dietary fiber is a type of carbohydrate, but unlike other carbohydrates, it cannot be digested and, therefore, does not have any calories. Fiber is commonly classified as either soluble, which dissolves in water, or insoluble, which does not dissolve in water. Sources of fiber include the following: whole grains and whole-grain cereals whole fruit vegetables nuts and seeds beans and legumes

Answer 42

Protein is found in every cell in the body. Your body needs protein from the foods you eat to build and maintain bones, muscles, cartilage, blood, and skin. Protein, like carbohydrates, also provides you with energy—four calories per gram consumed. It is important to eat enough dietary protein every day because our body does not store protein the way it stores fats or carbohydrates. How much you need depends on your age, sex, health, and level of physical activity.

Answer 43

(monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) are considered "good" fats and can promote health if eaten in the right amounts. They tend to be liquid at room temperature and are known as oils.

Answer 44

tend to be solid at room temperature. They have a negative effect on heart health because they raise blood lipid and cholesterol levels.

Answer 45

are created during conversion of oils into solid fats and naturally found in some foods. They are typically solid at room temperature and have a negative effect on heart health because they raise blood cholesterol levels.

Answer 46

Vitamins are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. There are 13 vitamins your body needs. They include the following: Vitamin A B vitamins Thiamine (B-1) Riboflavin (B-2) Niacin (B-3) Pantothenic acid (B-5) Biotin Vitamin B-6 Cobalamin (B-12) Folate Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K

Answer 47

Vision health; protects the body tissue from damage an eye icon Vision skin icon Skin Plants: colorful sources Animals: whole-milk dairy products, liver Fat-soluble

Answer 48

Helps the body obtain or make energy from the food eaten; essential for brain function; vitamin B-12 needed for the formation of red blood cells Metabolism icon Metabolism blood icon Blood Animal: variety Plants: Leafy green vegetables, beans, cereal Water-soluble

Answer 49

Important for skin, bones, and connective tissue; promotes healing; helps the body absorb iron for blood; helps the body absorb calcium and is essential for bone development; plays a role in the nervous, muscular, and immune systems bones icon Bones skin icon Skin Plants: Fruits and vegetables (e.g., citrus, peppers, tomatoes, greens, juices) Water-soluble

Answer 50

Helps the body absorb calcium and is essential for bone development; plays a role in the nervous, muscular, and immune systems bones icon Bones muscles icon Muscles Animals: Milk, egg yolks, liver, oily fish (including salmon and mackerel) Plants: Enriched cereal (Note: The body makes it naturally with exposure to sunlight.) Fat-soluble

Answer 51

Protects the body tissue from damage; keeps immune system strong; supports the formation of blood cells bones icon Bones blood icon Blood skin icon Skin Plants: Vegetable oils and margarine, nuts, seeds, leafy greens Fat-soluble

Answer 52

Helps the body make proteins for healthy bones, tissues, and blood clotting bones icon Bones blood icon Blood Animals: Limited source in meat and eggs Plants: Mostly green vegetables, dark berries Fat-soluble

Answer 53

minerals are elements that are not broken down, and they are not created by plants and animals. Minerals are absorbed by plants and animals through the soil and food. When you eat, you consume the minerals that plants and animals absorbed. This lesson will focus on the following four important minerals: calcium sodium potassium iron

Answer 54

Blood vessel contraction; proper structure and function of bones and teeth; muscle contraction blood icon Blood bones icon Bones muscles icon Muscles

Answer 55

Found in red blood cells; helps provide oxygen to the cells, tissues, and organs; assists in the creation of certain hormones blood icon Blood Metabolism icon Hormones

Answer 56

Electrolyte that aids fluid balance and maintenance of blood pressure; needed for muscle function Water balance icon Water Balance muscles icon Muscles

Answer 57

Electrolyte that maintains fluid status in cells; helps with nerve transmission; muscle function Water balance icon Water Balance Nerves icon Nerves muscles icon Muscles

Helath,Fitness.Wellness Flashcards

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