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Lab Procedures 2 > Hem exam 2 > Flashcards

Hem exam 2 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

what does prothrombin time measure?

A

the amount of time the blood takes to form a fibrin clot

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2
Q

how does the prothrombin test work?

A

uses thromboplastin as the active reagent to initiate the coagulation process by converting prothrombin to thrombin

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3
Q

prothrombin is used as a Screening test for patients with what…?

A

 Who lack clotting factors
 Have a liver disease
 Are deficient in vitamin K

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4
Q

prorthrombin test is also used to monitor patients who are on _________?

A

warfarin/Coumadin or anticoagulant drug therapy

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5
Q

why do people take warfarin/Coumadin or anticoagulant drug therapy ?

A

they have a tendency to produce internal clots, which could lead to stroke or heart attack

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6
Q

what tendency do patients on warfarin/Coumadin or anticoagulant drug therapy have?

A

 These patients tend to bleed easily and longer

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7
Q

how do these anticoagulant medications work?

A

 suppress the liver from synthesizing prothrombin

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8
Q

how are results for prothrombin time displayed?

A

PT seconds and INR value

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9
Q

vitamin k definition

A

critical element in the production of prothrombin

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10
Q

what does ESR stand for?

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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11
Q

ESR def…

A

the rate at which RBCs settle out of an anticoagulated blood specimen after 30 minutes

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12
Q

how is the ESR result reported?

A

millimeters per hour (mm/hr)

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13
Q

what type of test is ESR?

A

nonspecific screening test

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14
Q

what does ESR test screen for?

A

confirm and monitor changes in….

 Inflammatory diseases
 Autoimmune diseases
 Carcinoma
 Certain forms of leukemia

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15
Q

Polycythemia

A

slow-growing blood cancer in which your bone marrow makes too many red blood cells.

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16
Q

how many types of anemia are there?

A

6 types

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17
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

 RBCs collapse into a sickle shape under certain circumstances

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18
Q

what is sickle cell anemia caused from?

A

 Condition is caused by an inherited Hgb-S molecule

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19
Q

Aplastic def..

A

 All blood cell elements show a decrease in aplastic anemia

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20
Q

what does aplastic result from?

A

 Results from an inability to produce cells in the bone marrow

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21
Q

pernicious anemia..

A

Pernicious-

 Cells appear enlarged, fragile, and abnormally shaped

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22
Q

pernicious anemia is caused from..?

A

 The diet is deficient in Vitamin B12

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23
Q

Thalassemia and hemolytic-

A

 Produce an increase in reticulocytes in the peripheral blood

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24
Q

cause of Thalassemia and hemolytic-

A

 Due to RBC destruction (hemolysis) caused by the inherited thalassemia or other hemolytic diseases

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25
Iron deficiency-
 hypochromic and microcytic RBC’s result from the inability to build healthy Hgb
26
iron deficiency is caused from....
 Caused by blood loss or inadequate iron in the diet
27
what is the most common type of anemia?
iron deficiency
28
Leukocytosis-
 Total WBC count may rise due to the body fighting an infection
29
Leukocytopenia-
 Abnormally low WBC count
30
leukocytopenia may be a sign of
aplastic anemia, HIV/AIDs, and patients undergoing chemotherapy
31
what can also cause a decrease in WBCs?
 Malnutrition, which is weakening the immune system
32
Mononucleosis-
- exhibits atypical “reactive” lymphocytes (A and B)
33
Leukopenia-
 Abnormal decrease in the number of WBCs
34
Leukemia-
 Various cancers of the WBCs
35
what indicates leukemia?
Extremely high abnormal WBC count with a decrease in the RBC and platelet counts may indicate leukemia
36
ALL stands for....
acute lymphocytic leukemia
37
what happens during ALL?
increase in immature lymphoblasts; appear in peripheral blood
38
CML stands for...
chronic myeloid leukemia….
39
what happens during CML?
increase in bone marrow myelocytes; appear in peripheral blood in great numbers as a detriment to RBCs and platelets
40
Microhematocrit lab procedure-
 Collect blood into two capillary tubes that contain heparin  Counterbalance & centrifuge the capillary tubes for 5 minutes  The results of the two capillary tubes should fall within 2% of each other
41
Layers of a spun hematocrit tube-
plasma, buffy coat (WBCs and platelets), red blood cells, sealant
42
normal appearance and volume of the plasma
appears light yellow and occupies about one half of the total volume
43
RBCs occupy how much of the blood?
50%
44
how many CBC tests are done?
7 or more
45
CBC consists of tests that reflect...
 The total count  Analysis  And microscopic descriptions of the various cellular elements – RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
46
RBCs total count are measured in what?
millions per cubic millimeter (million/mm3)
47
Hematocrit measures what?
the percentage of packed RBCs compared with the total blood volume (%)
48
Hgb - Hemoglobin test
 Hgb within the RBCs is measured
49
how are hemoglobin test results expressed?
grams per deciliter (g/dL)
50
MCHC diagnoses....
mean (average) cell hemoglobin concentration -
51
ratio of MCHC
the ratio of hemoglobin to hematocrit (Hgb/Hct)
52
differential count
 The differential count of the 5 WBCs/leukocytes is reported with the percent of each type compared to the reference values
53
MCH
indicates the concentration of Hgb compared with the average size of the RBCs
54
what is the MCH ration?
(Hgb/RBC)
55
MCV stands for....
mean cell volume -
56
MCV def....
is the ratio of hematocrit volume with the total RBC count
57
MCV ratio
(Hct/RBC)
58
WBCs (total count) are reported in....
thousands per cubic millimeter (mm3)
59
WBC reference range for BOTH genders is....
reference range for men and women is 4000-11,000
60
how are platelets counted?
by approximation on the stained slide or by an automated instrument
61
how are platelets reported?
expressed in hundreds of thousands per cubic millimeter (/mm3)
62
platelet reference range for men and women
150,000-400,000
63
normal hemoglobin reference range
- 12-18 g/dL
64
normal protime/INR reference range
 9-18 seconds PT and 2 to 2.5 INR
65
normal ESR reference range
0-20 mm/hr
66
normal hematocrit reference range
36%-55%

Lab Procedures 2 (6 decks)

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