HEMA LAB EXAMS Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
What is the greak word of blood?
A
Haima
2
Q
What is the greek word of study or science
A
Logos
3
Q
What provides for the analysis of normal and pathogenic peripheral blood cells, hematopoetic tissue, and the cells in non-vascular body cavities such as CSF and serous fluid?
A
Clinical laboratory hematology
4
Q
Who describe worms in the blood in 1657?
A
Anthanasius Kircher
5
Q
Who discovered erythocytes? What year?
A
Swammerdam, in 1658
6
Q
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek described what in 1674?
A
Human erythrocytes
7
Q
What year did platelets were described?
A
1842
8
Q
Who distinguished PMN from other leukocytes in 1846?
A
Wharton Jones
9
Q
First complete classification of leukocytes by.. ? In .. ?
A
Ehrlich, 1879
10
Q
Development of ___ stain in 1902 by __?
A
Wrights stain, by James Homer Wright
11
Q
In what year was Hematology considered as a branch of science from clinical medicine and pathology?
A
1920
12
Q
A life sustaining unit. Carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and waste products to the lungs, liver, and kidney.
A
Blood
13
Q
55% of the total blood. It is the liquid portion of unclotted blood?
A
Plasma
14
Q
Consists of platelets and leukocytes, <1% of the total blood.
A
Buffy coat
15
Q
45% of the total blood
A
Erythrocytes
16
Q
The fluid that remains after coagulation?
A
Serum
17
Q
Blood is in fluid?
A
In vivo
18
Q
It coagulates in 5-10 mins
A
Blood, In vitro
19
Q
Thick and viscous, ___ times thicker than water
A
3.5 - 4.5 times
20
Q
Makes up ___ % of the total body component or 60 - 80ml/kg
A
6-8%
21
Q
Blood is approximately __ gms solid per 100mL
A
20 gms
22
Q
Total blood volume (TBV) for an adult male?
A
5-6L
23
Q
Total blood volume (TBV) for an adult female?
A
4-5L
24
Q
Total blood volume (TBV) for a newborn?
A
250 - 350mL
25
Normal pH of blood?
7.35 - 7.45 (ave of 7.40)
26
pH of:
Venous blood __
Arterial blood __
7.35
7.45
27
Specific gravity of whole blood?
1.045 - 1.066
28
SG of serum?
1.024 - 1.028
29
SG of plasma?
1.025 - 1.029
30
Ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance
Blood specific gravity or specific gravity
31
Measures acidity and basicity of an aqueous solution
pH
32
Color of:
Arterial blood ___
Venous blood ___
Bright red
Dark purplish red
33
Pulmonary arteries and veins color
W/ O2:
W/o O2:
Purple
Blue
34
Device used for measurement of osmolality
Osmometer
35
Concentration of solutes dissolved in the blood
Osmolality
36
Reference range for osmolality
281 - 297 milli-osmoles per kg
37
Give atleast 3 function of blood
Respiratory, nutritional, excretory, buffering action, maintenance of constant body temp, transportation of hormones and other endocrine secretion, body defense mechanism
38
What does OSHA stand for?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
39
When did OSHA took effect?
March 6, 1992
40
What are the bloodborne pathogens?
HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis, Malaria
41
How long does HBV lasts?
1 week
42
Physiologic factor that affects test results:
Increases protein, Iron, Cholesterol
Posture
43
Physiologic factor that affects test results:
- Cortisol, TSH, Fe
- Eos
Diurnal rhythm
44
Physiologic factor that affects test results:
Increseas creatine, total protein, creatine kinase, Myoglobin, Aspertate Aminotransferase, WBC, HDL
Exercise
45
Physiologic factor that affects test results:
Anxiety and excessive crying in children
Stress
46
Physiologic factor that affects test results:
Increases glucose and lipid
Fasting <2hrs (Diet)
47
Physiologic factor that affects test results:
Increase in WBC, cortisol
Smoking
48
You will conduct an FBS test on a px, but the px said he smoked a while ago. Would you accept or deny?
Deny, smoking increases cortisol or blood glucose thus resulting to a false increase in Hgb
49
Where will you apply the torniquet?
3-4 inches above the venipuncture site
50
Recommended tubes by OSHA?
Plastice collection tubes
51
Sterile, available in a variety of lengths and gauges
Needle
52
Give the size and color of the needle used for blood donation
16 guage, Gray color
53
Give the size and color of the needle used for newborn or in pedia
23 guage, orange color
54
Give the size and color of the commonly used needle for phlebo (in adults)
21 guage, purple color
55
Designed to comply with OSHA's revised Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens
Needle holder
56
Consists of a short needle with plastic wings connected to thin tubing
Winged Blood Collection Set or Butterly needle
57
Consists of a barrel, graduated in milliliters, and a plunger
Syringe
58
Gove the parts of a syringe
Plunger, barrel, hub, needle
59
Most common antisepsis __
70% alcohol
60
Clean the venipuncture site in a ___?
Circular motion, beginning in the center working outward
61
Give the selection of vein from 1st to last priority
1st median vein
2nd cephalic vein
3rd basilic vein
62
Degree angel of the syringe for venipuncture
30°
63
Order of draw for veni puncture
1. Blood culture - yellow
2. Coagulation tube - light blue
3. Serum tube - red, gold, orange, red-gray
4. Heparin tube - green or light green
5. EDTA tube - lavander or pink
6. Sodium flouride w/ or w/o EDTA - gray
64
What does EDTA Sstand for?
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
65
Ratio of blood to anticoagulant
9:1
66
Complications encountered in veni
Ecchymosis, hematoma, petechiae
67
Rupture of blood cells with the consequent escape of Hgb
Hemolysis
68
Swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of fluid
Edema
69
Px has the right to refuse to give blood spx
Patient refusal
70
Collection site for <1 year old
Lateral, medial plantar surface of the heel
71
What are the normal adult counts
Males:
Females:
Males: 4.5 - 5.9 x 10^12/L
Females: 4.0 - 5.2 x 10^12/L
72
A condition characterized by abnormally low levels of healthy RBC or Hgb
Anemia
73
Increase in the no. of circulating erythrocytes of more than two stand. devi. above the mean normal
Erythocytosis
74
Increase in the no. of RBC
Polycythemia
75
Acute or chronic neoplastic diseases of the bone marrow in which unrestrained proliferation of WBC occurs
Leukemia
76
All cell types can be counted this way
Manual cell count
77
Steps involved in Manual cell counts
1. Dilution
2. ___
3. ___
4. Computation
2. Charging
3. Counting
78
Manually adding accurate amounts of blood and dilution fluid in a test tube
Manual dilution
79
Diluting fluid for WBC
1% hydrochloric acid or 3% acetic acid or 1% ammonium oxalate
80
Diluting fluid for RBC
Isotonic saline
81
Diluting fluid for platelets
1% ammonium oxalate
82
Most common chamber?
Levy chamber
83
Rules for counting
Cells touching the Top and left boundaries are counted (1st and mid line)
Cells touching the right and bottom boundaries are not included ( _l )
84
Instrument used to count the blood cells
Hemocytometer
85
Different types of hemocytometer
Neubauer
Fuch's Rosenthal
Levy's chamber
86
Difference between RBC and WBC pipette
Rbc: red bead, upto 101 mark, bulb is larger, lumen is smaller
Wbc: white bead, upto 11 mark, bulb is smaller, lumen is larger
87
Dilution factor for RBC counting is ___
200
88
Dilution factor for WBC is __
20
89
Magnification for
WBC : __ x
RBC : __ x
10x LPO
40x HPO
90
Distance between counting chamber and the cover slip?
0.1 mm
91
Total area of RBC squares
0.2 mm^2
92
Total area for WBC squares
4 mm^2
93
Sinong manlilibre ng ice cream, at isang meal kay King?
Mundi, at Celeste
94
Drabkin's reagent composition
Potassium cyanide, potassium ferricyanide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
95
Inhibits the metabolism of glucose by blood cells
Antiglycolytic agent
96
Prevent blood from clotting
Anticoagulant
97
How many inversions for gold/red-gray tubes?
5 inversions
98
How many inversions for red tubes,
glass
plastic
0 - Glass
5 - plastic (with clot activator)
99
How many inversions for light blue
3 - 4 inversions
100
How many inversions for EDTA tubes (lavander)
8 inversions
101
How many inversions for green tubes
8 inversions
102
Proper way of tube inversions?
Figure of eight motion (?)
