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Hematology > Hema. Mod.A Lec1 > Flashcards

Hema. Mod.A Lec1 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is Hematopoiesis

Where ?

A

Formation and development of BLOOD CELLS

Bone marrow

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2
Q

What is Erythropoiesis ?

A

Development of mature RED blood cells

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3
Q

Components of the hematopoietic system ?

A

1- BONE MARROW

2-LIVER

3-SPLEEN

4- lymph nodes
5- tonsils
6-thymus
7-payer’s patches

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4
Q

Volume of blood

A

4-5 L

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5
Q

Composition of blood

A

45% Blood cells

55% Plasma cells

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6
Q

Types of blood cells (3 types ?)

A

1- RBC
2- Platelets

Phagocytes:

  • Neutrophils
  • Basophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Monocytes

Lymphocytes;

  • T cells
  • B cells
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7
Q

Phagocytes include : 7

A
  • neutrophils
  • monocyte
  • macrophage
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
  • mast cells
  • dendritic cells
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8
Q

Types of WBC’s (2) and their examples.

A

1-GRANULAR:
-neutrophils,eosinophils,basophils

2- AGRANULAR:
-lymphocytes, monocytes

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9
Q

Sites of hematopoiesis in FETUS

A

0-2 months in yolk sac

2-7 months in liver,spleen

6-9 months in bone marrow

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10
Q

In infants blood is formed in

A

All bones

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11
Q

In children blood is formed in

A

Long bones

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12
Q

In adults blood is formed in

A

Flat bones

Long bones

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13
Q

What is meant by Extramedullary Hematopoiesis

A

Synthesis of blood cells OUTSIDE bone marrow

Occurs in cases of bone marrow diseases

Medulla = cavity

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14
Q

What is the mother cell of the hematopoietic system ?

A

Stem cell (pluripotent stem cells)

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15
Q

Characteristics of stem cell (3)

A

1- Self renewal

2- Able to differentiate into specialized cells (which give mature cells)

3- Multiplication to form more daughter cells

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16
Q

How are mature cells made ?

A

After stem cells are exposed to growth hormone

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17
Q

Hormones involved in hematopoiesis

A

Erythropoietin

Thrombopoietin

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18
Q

EPO and TPO are regulated by

A

Interferon gamma and TGF beta (cytokines)

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19
Q

Where does the stem cell settle down ?

A

In the STROMA of bone marrow

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20
Q

What is the composition of bone marrow stroma ? (2)

A

1- Stromal Cells

2- Microvascular network

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21
Q

What is the structure of stromal cells (6)

Study These Flashcards
A 
1-Macrophage
2-Fibroblast
3-Mesenchymal cells
4-Endothelial cells or Osteoblast
5-Fat cells
6-Extracellular Matrix
22
Q

Function of Stromal Cells: (2)

Study These Flashcards
A

1-Formation of growth factors

2- Secrete Extracellular Molecules To Form EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

23
Q

Function of extracellular matrix:

Study These Flashcards
A

Adhesion of stem cells on stromal cells

24
Q

General characteristics of Growth Factors: (4)

Study These Flashcards
A

1- Glycoproteins, act at low conc

2- Act HIERARCHICALLY

3-PRODUCED BY MANY TYPES OF CELLS

4-Act on stem cells and on differentiated cells.

25
Functions Of Growth Factors:(3)
1-Proliferation, Differentiation, Maturation 2- Functional Activation 3- Prevent Apoptosis
26
All growth factors are produced from STROMAL CELLS except
1- EPO from kidney 2-TPO from liver
27
When growth factor bind to receptors on stem cells
It stimulates signal transduction that affect gene: 1-Stimulate gene expression (proliferation,diff,maturation) 2- Inhibition
28
Stages Of Erythropoiesis
1- Proerythroblast (normoblast) 2- Reticulocytes 3- Mature RBCs
29
Stages Of Normoblast
1- Early : called basophilic 2-Intermediate: polychromatic (phase of hemoglobin formation) 3-Late: orthrochromatic
30
Normoblast: (3)
- Has nucleus with DNA - RNA in cytoplasm - present only in BM If present in blood, indicates disease.
31
Reticulocyte: (4)
1- RNA present 2-Basophilic 3- Circulate in blood for 1-2 days then converted to mature rbc 4- Present in BM and Blood
32
Mature RBC
1- In Marrow, Blood 2- No RNA , No DNA
33
Factors effecting Erythropoiesis(4)
1- EPO production 2- Iron 3- VitaminB12,Folate,Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Thiamine, Riboflavin 4- Hormones: Androgen and Thyroxin Any decrease in these factors lead to ANEMIA
34
What stimulates EPO secretion from kidney ?
EPO SECRETION
35
Types Of Hemoglobin ?
Embryonic Adult Fetal (gamma delta)
36
Types of adult hemoglobin
HbA (a2b2) HbA2 (a2d2) HbF (a2y2)
37
When does the switch of fetal hb to adult hb occur ?
Between 3-6 months
38
Synthesis of HB occurs in the stage of:
Normoblast (polychromatic)
39
Hemogobin structure
1- Heme (protoporphyrin + iron) 2- globin (2alpha, 2beta)
40
How many iron and O2 molecules carried by 1 molecule of hemoglobin ?
One iron 4 O2 molecules
41
Is mature RBC capable of synthesizing hb ?
No
42
Function Of Hemoglobin
Carry O2 from lung to tissues Carry CO2 from tissues to lungs
43
What are the factors that affect the O2 dissociation curve ? (4)
1- CO2 pressure (PCo2) 2- ph 3-Temperature 4- 2,3 DPG
44
If CO2 is high, pH is low, Temperature is High, what happens to the curve ?
Shifted to the right
45
If CO2 is low, pH is high, temp is low what happens to the curve ?
Shifts to the left
46
Size of blood cells
7.2-7.5 um
47
Shape of blood cells
Biconcave with no nucleus
48
Metabolic pathway in RBC
Anaerobic glycolysis due to absent mitochondria HMP
49
Composition Of RBC membrane
1- Lipid Bilayer 2-Integral Membrane proteins 3-Membrane skeleton proteins
50
What are the membrane skeleton proteins
1- B spectrin 2-Ankryin 3- Protein 4,1 4- Actin
51
Extravascular hemolysis:
If increased leads to hemolytic anemia Occurs in Macrophage Of RETICULOENDOTHELIAL (RE) System

Hematology (5 decks)

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