Hematologic Flashcards by Megan Musa

What do erythrocytes do?

carry oxygen to tissues

and remove carbon dioxide from them.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do leukocytes do?

act in inflammatory and

immune response.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does plasma do?

carries antibodies and nutrients to tissue and remove wastes from tissue.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do platelets do?

control the clotting of blood.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the signs and symptoms associated with hematologic disorders?

Exertion problems
Dyspnea
Chest pain
Palpitations
Severe weakness
Fatigue
skin and fingernail changes
Blood in stool
Emesis (vomiting)
Severe pain and swelling in joints and muscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the skin and fingernail changes associated with hematologic disorders?

• Pallor of the face, hands, nail beds and lips
• Cyanosis or clubbing of the fingernail
• Wounds or easy bruising or bleeding
in skin, gums, or mucous membranes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Erythrocyte (red blood cells) consist

mainly of …

hemoglobin and a supporting framework

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ratio of red blood cells to white

600:1

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who has more red blood cells, men or women?

Men

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Whats anemia?

Too few RBCs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Whats polycythemia?

Too many RBCs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Whats poikilocytosis?

Abnormally shaped RBCs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What’s anisocytosis?

Abnormal variations in size of RBCs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What’s hypochromia?

RBC deficient in hemoglobin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In Physical Therapy practice, anemia-

related disorders occur;

• Iron deficiency associated with chronic
GI blood loss 2° NSAID use
• Chronic disease or inflammatory
disease – RA, and LUPUS
• Neurologic conditions (pernicious anemia)
• Infectious diseases – TB, AIDS
• Cancer ( bone marrow failure)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which anemia is associated with light, lemon-yellow tinted skin?

Untreated pernicious anemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which anemia is associated with white waxy appearing skin?

Severe anemia resulting from acute hemorrhage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which hematologic disorder is associated with gray-green/ yellow skin color?

Chronic blood loss

Which hematologic disorder is associated with gray tinted skin?

Leukemia

Which hematologic disorder is associated with pale hands or palmar creases?

Anemia

Which anemia is associated with brittle nail beds?

Long standing iron deficiency

Which anemia is associated with concave nail beds?

Long standing iron deficiency anemia

Which hematologic disorder is associated with pale or yellow colored oral mucosa?

Anemia

What is the total RBC count for men? Women?

Men: 4.5-6.2 million/mm^3
Women: 4-5.5 million/mm^3

What is the hematocrit percentage for men? Women?

Men: 42-52% Women: 36-46%

What is the hemoglobin count for men? Women?

Men: 14-16.5 g/dl Women: 12-15 g/dl

In polycythemia/ erythrocytosis, what happens to the blood?

• Characterized by increase in the numbers of RBCs and the concentration of hemoglobin. • Thickening of the blood, increased clotting • Increased platelets forming intravascular thrombi

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of polycythemia/ erythrocytosis?

• Insidious onset with vague complaints • Most common 1st symptoms are fatigue and SOB • Maybe dx’d by sudden complications of stroke or thrombosis • ↑ skin coloration and elevated BP • Gout is a complication of 1° • Peripheral vascular neuropathy with numbness, burning and tingling in hands and feet

What are the signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia?

• Series of acute manifestation of symptoms • Some pts have few symptoms, while others are affected severely with a short life span • CVA’s • Pain caused by sickle cells is the most common symptom

What are some stressors that can result in a sickle cell anemia crisis?

* Viral or bacterial infection * Hypoxia * Dehydration * Emotional disturbance * Extreme temperatures * Fever * Strenuous physical exertion

The major groups of leukocytes in blood

* Lymphoid cells (lymphocytes, plasma cells) * Monocytes * Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)

What are the signs and symptoms of leukocytosis?

* Fever * Symptoms of localized or systemic infection * Symptoms of inflammation or trauma to tissue

What is the normal platelet count in an adult and child?

150,000 – 400,000/mm³

What defines a critical low platelet count?

Less than 30,000

What constitutes a critical high platelet count?

More than 1,000,000

What is thrombocytosis?

A usually temporary increase in platelet count

What are some ways thrombocytosis may occur?

``` Severe hemorrhage Surgery Splenectomy Iron deficiency Polycythemia ```

True or false; thrombocytosis may occur with lymphoma

False; lung cancer

Thrombocytosis may result in a (increase/decrease) clotting 2° to blood viscosity and (increase/decrease) platelet count

Increase in clotting and increase in platelet count

What are some causes of thrombocytopenia?

``` • Bone marrow failure • Radiation • Aplastic anemia • Leukemia • Metastatic carcinoma • Cytotoxic agents (chemotherapy) • Medications ---Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (including aspirin) ---Methotrexate ---Gold Coumadin/warfarin ```

Which joints may be affected my hemarthrosis, in order of occurrence?

* Knee * Elbow * Ankle * Hip * Shoulder

What are the musculoskeletal risks of recurrent hemarthrosis?

Recurrent results in loss of ROM, muscle atrophy, and flexion contractures

What are the signs of symptoms of acute hemarthrosis?

• Aura, tingling, or prickling sensation • Stiffening into the position of comfort • Decreased range of motion • Pain • Swelling • Tenderness • Heat

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of muscle hemorrhage?

- Gradually intensifying pain - Protective spasm of the muscle - Limitation of movement at the surrounding joints - Muscle assumes the position of comfort (usually shortened) - Loss of sensation