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Hematologic system and Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hematologic system made up of?

A

Plasma, Solutes, WBC’s, and Platelets

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2
Q

Define Hematopoietic

A

Bone marrow tissues where blood cells are formed (all cells/stem cells)

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3
Q

Define lymphoid tissues

A

White blood cells mature and circulate

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4
Q

What is another name for RBC’s

A

Erythrocytes

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5
Q

What is the shape characteristic of RBC’s

A

concave disc- so that they pass small capillaries without disruption of the cell membrane.

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6
Q

Duty of rbc and hgb

A

Transport o2 to body tissues
Carbon dioxide excretion

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7
Q

Abnormal levels of RBC’s

A

Anemia and polycythemia

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

Define anemia

A

low rbc count

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10
Q

Define polycythemia

A

high rbc count

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11
Q

Normal range of hgb for women

A

12-16

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12
Q

Normal range of hgb for men

A

13.5-18

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13
Q

Define Erythropoiesis

A

rbc production

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14
Q

Where does production start and end in rbc’s

A

Starts in bone marrow and ends in blood or spleen

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15
Q

How long does rbc production take

A

5 days

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16
Q

What stimulates rbc production

A

tissue hypoxia
Kidneys release erythropoietin and it stimulates to produce rbc’s (bone marrow)

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17
Q

What is the lifespan of rbc

A

120 days

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18
Q

What is hemolysis

A

Old damaged rbc’s are lysed (damaged) by phagocytes

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19
Q

Lysed rbc’s

A

lead to bilirubin, excreted out and it is a orange yellow color

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20
Q

what happens if you have a impaired liver function

A

increase hemolysis that leads to bilirubin that accumulates jaundice

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21
Q

What is another name for wbc’s

A

leukocytes

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22
Q

Normal range of leukocytes

A

4,000-11,000

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23
Q

Where does leukocytes come from

A

stem cell in bone marrow

24
Q

What is wbc’s duty

A

body defense against m.o.

25
What are abnormal wbc levels
Leukocytosis and leukopenia
26
Define leukocytosis
increased wbc
27
Define leukopenia
low wbc
28
what is granular leukocytes
WBC that mature fully in bone marrow, then release into blood stream
29
What are the types of granular leukocytes
Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils
30
define neutrophils
active. 1st to arrive to injury
31
define eosinophils
found in mucosa of intestines and lungs increase in allergic reactions and parasitic infections
32
define basophils
inflammatory mediators and increase in allergic and inflammatory reactions.
33
what part is non-granular leukocytes active in
inflammatory immune response
34
Non-granular leukocytes
enter bloodstream before fully mature
35
what are the types of non-granular leukocytes
monocytes lymphocytes
36
What is another name for platelets
thrombocytes
37
what is the normal level of thrombocytes
150,000-400,000
38
define thrombocytes
formed in bone marrow and live for 10 days.
39
What is the thrombocytes duty
release mediators for clotting and produce atp
40
What are abnormal levels of thrombocytes
thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia
41
Define Thrombocytosis
excessive amount of platlets
42
Define Thrombocytopenia
insufficent amount of platlets
43
What is someone at risk for with thrombocytopenia
injury r/t bleeding petechiae ecchymosis
44
Define anemia
abnormal low rbc count or low hgb concerntrations or both
45
duty of rbc's and hgb
ransport o2 to body tissues adn carbon dioxide excretion
46
what does anemia reduce
it reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood which leads to hypoxia
47
True or false. Symptoms of anemia can be asymptomatic
true
48
s/s of anemia
pallor in skin, mucous membrans, and nail beds heart ad resp rate increases tissue hypoxia angina fatigue dyspnea on exertion bone pain
49
define blood anemia
caused from acute/chronic blood loss
50
What is the compensatory mechanisms of blood loss anemia
high hr, bv constrict, fluid shift from interstitial space to vascular space to help maintain fluid volume
51
When does acute blood loss return
3-4 wks
52
What happens in chronic blood loss with anemia
iron store eventually depleted;rbc's microcytic and hypochromic
53
Define microcytic
small rbc's
54
define hypochromic
pale
55

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