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Clin Lab > Hematology 1 > Flashcards

Hematology 1 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

The most commonly ordered lab test

Information on Cellular elements of blood: concentration & characteristics

A

CBC

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2
Q

Normal RBC counts

A

males 4.5 – 5.9 x 106 cells/L; females 4.1 – 5.1 x106 cells/L

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3
Q

RBC count below normal

A

anemia

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4
Q

RBC count above normal

A

polycythemia

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5
Q

Increased production of immature RBCs

A

Reticulocytosis

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6
Q

Normal range of Hemoglobin

A 
males= 14 – 17.5 g/dL;
females= 12.3 – 15.3 g/dL
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7
Q

Low hemoglobin

A

anemia

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8
Q

Normal range of hematocrit

A

males 42-50%;

females 36- 45%

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9
Q

Low hematocrit

A

anemia

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10
Q

Normal range of MCV

A

80- 96 fL/cell

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11
Q

Causes of High MCV

A

“macrocytic”

Causes= Vitamin B12 or Folate deficiency

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12
Q

Causes of Low MCV

A

“microcytic”

Causes = Iron deficiency

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13
Q

Normal range of MCH

A

27- 33 pg/cell

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14
Q

Causes of High MCH/Normochromic

A

Causes= Vitamin B12 or Folate deficiency (normochromic)

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15
Q

Causes of Low MCH/Hypochromic

A

Causes = Iron deficiency = hypochromic (pale)

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16
Q

Normal range of RDW

A

11.5 – 14.5%

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17
Q

High RDW

A

indicates variation in RBC size= “anisocytosis”

Seen in Iron deficiency or macrocytic anemias

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18
Q

Normal range of reticulocytes

A

0.5 to 2.5% of total RBCs

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19
Q

Causes for ↑’s in reticulocytes

A

Acute RBC destruction or loss

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20
Q

Causes of ↓’s in reticulocytes

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A

Bone marrow suppression

21
Q

Presentation of anemia

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A 
Fatigue/ Somnolence
Decreased concentration
↑Weakness/ ↑Shortness of breath
↓Blood Pressure/ ↑Heart rate/ Shock
Heart Failure/ Vertigo/ Syncope
22
Q

RT is a 65 y/o male presents with a
1 month h/o weakness, fatigue & frequent drowsiness
RBC count: 2.5 X 1012 cells/L (4.5- 6 X 1012)
Reticulocytes: 2% (

Study These Flashcards
A

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia

23
Q

necessary for DNA synthesis in all cells

found in meats, eggs, & diary products

24
Q

Causes of vitamin B12 deficiency

Study These Flashcards
A 
Dietary deficiency (e.g., alcoholism)
Intrinsic factor deficiency (e.g., autoimmune, surgery)
25
Test to diagnose vitamin B12 deficiency
“Schillings test”
26
necessary for DNA synthesis in all cells | Found in leafy green vegetables & broccoli
Folic acid deficiency
27
Causes of folic acid deficiency
Pregnancy/ Diet deficiency/ “Celiac disease”
28
What if there are Normal | B12/ FA levels but low MCV
Drug-induced macrocytic anemia | e.g., Alcohol & Chemotherapy
29
Lab evaluation of Iron deficiency
Serum Ferritin Serum Iron Total Iron Binding capacity (TIBC)* Percent Iron saturation
30
Storage form of iron
Serum Ferritin
31
Normal range of serum ferritin
> 10- 20 ng/mL
32
Limitation of serum ferritin
falsely elevated in infections, fever, inflammatory reactions
33
Normal range of serum iron
50- 150 μg/dL
34
Measures iron bound to transferrin
serum iron
35
Limitations of serum iron
Large diurnal variation = use with TIBC
36
Normal range of TIBC
250 - 410 ng/mL
37
Measures iron binding capacity of transferrin
TIBC
38
Normal range of percent iron saturation
20- 50%
39
Findings in Iron deficiency anemia
decreased ferritin, serum iron, percent iron saturation increased TIBC normal reticulocytes
40
Causes of normocytic anemia
Blood loss, Hemolysis, or Chronic diseases
41
Testing for hemolytic anemia
Coomb's test
42
Findings in Chronic Disease (Chronic infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasms)
Decreased serum iron, TIBC, iron saturation | Normal reticulocytes and ferritin
43
Findings in acute blood loss and hemolytic anemia
Increased reticulocytes | Normal MCH, MCV, RDW
44
``` RT has a history of osteoarthritis, peptic ulcer disease, and smoking. Ferritin: Decreased Transferrin: Decreased TIBC: Increased Serum Iron: Decreased MCV: 70 fL/cell Reticulocytes: 2 % Which of the following does this patient exhibit? Anemia of Chronic disease Anemia from acute blood loss Anemia from hemolysis Anemia from Iron deficiency ```
Anemia from Iron Deficiency
45
Measures rate at which RBCs settle from blood | Settle faster when combined with inflammatory proteins
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
46
Normal range of ESR
1- 15 mm/hour (male) | 1- 20 mm/hour (female)
47
Causes for an Increase in ESR
Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
48
Causes for a Decreased ESR
Heart failure, liver failure, sickle cell disease, corticosteroids
49
Uses for ESR
Low specificity & sensitivity = Used for monitoring inflammatory disease

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