HEMATOLOGY

Question 1

a scientific study of blood and its
component
Helps physicians diagnose
abnormalities in the blood

Answer 1

HEMATOLOGY

Question 2

The standard procedure of blood
collection uses lancets and needles of
various gauges.

Answer 2

Phlebotomy

Question 3

3 TYPES OF PHLEBOTOMY

Answer 3

Skin puncture, venipuncture, arterial puncture

Question 4

Venipuncture is involved with what vessel?

Answer 4

veins

Question 4

Skinpuncture is involved with what vessel?

Answer 4

capillaries

Question 5

Arterial puncture is involved with what vessel?

Answer 5

Arteries

Question 6

Clear yellow liquid, Water, sugar, fat, protein, and salt
solution, 55% of a normal human’s blood volume

Answer 6

Plasma

Question 7

■ Transport’s RBC, WBC, and platelets
through the blood vessels
■ Remove waste products of metabolism

Answer 7

Plasma

Question 8

ERYTHROCYTE is what cell?

Answer 8

RED BLOOD CELL

Question 9

The anucleated cell produced from
the bone marrow; Hemoglobin

Answer 9

RED BLOOD CELL

Question 10

gas transporting protein
molecule

Answer 10

Hemoglobin

Question 11

What are the functions of RBC?

Answer 11

■ Transports oxygen (lungs →
tissue)
■ Transports carbon dioxide (back
to lungs)

Question 12

low number of RBCs

Answer 12

Anemia

Question 13

Polycythemia

Answer 13

high number of
RBCs

Question 14

(LEUKOCYTE)

Answer 14

WHITE BLOOD CELL

Question 15

○ Nucleated cells that lack hemoglobin
○ Acts as a defense against infection

Answer 15

WHITE BLOOD CELL

Question 16

What are the different types of WBC?

Answer 16

Neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte

Question 17

○ Most numerous
○ Multi-lobed nucleus
○ Pale lilac granules
○ Function: Immune defense

Answer 17

NEUTROPHIL

Question 18

○ Spherical nucleus
○ “Robin’s egg blue” cytoplasm
Types: ■ T- Cell: Cellular immune response
■ B Cell: Antibody production
■ NK Cells: kills cancer cells

Answer 18

LYMPHOCYTE

Question 19

Cellular immune response

Answer 19

T- Cell

Question 20

Antibody production

Answer 20

B Cell

Question 21

kills cancer cells

Answer 21

NK Cells

Question 22

○ Usually with a bilobed nucleus
○ Granules stain bright reddish-
orange
○ Function:
■ Defense against parasites
■ Active allergic response

Answer 22

EOSINOPHIL

Question 23

○ With purple-blue granules
○ Function:
■ Inflammatory response
■ Involved in allergic response

Answer 23

BASOPHIL

Question 24

○ Kidney-shaped or horseshoe- shaped nucleus ○ Types (in tissues): ■ Dendritic cell ■ Macrophage

Answer 24

MONOCYTE

Question 25

Marks out cells that are antigens (foreign bodies) that should be destroyed by lymphocytes

Answer 25

Dendritic cell

Question 26

Acts as antigen-presenting cells

Answer 26

Macrophage

Question 27

○ Cell fragments ○ Function: ■ Form clots during injury to prevent blood from leaking out

Answer 27

PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTE)

Question 28

HEMATOLOGY SECTION, HEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION, HEMATOCRIT DETERMINATION, BLOOD CELL COUNT, BECKMAN COULTER AUTOMATED HEMATOLOGY ANALYZER, PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR

Answer 28

TESTS PERFORMED IN HEMATOLOGY SECTION

Question 29

RETICULOCYTE COUNT, ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE, PLASMA COAGULATION ASSAYS,

Answer 29

ADDITIONAL HEMATOLOGY PROCEDURES

Question 30

○ Hemoglobin ○ Hematocrit ○ Red blood cell count ○ White blood cell count ○ Platelet count/estimate ○ Rbc indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC)

Answer 30

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Question 31

○ Counting the number concentration of cells ○ Determining the relative distribution of various types of cells ○ Measuring biochemical abnormalities of the blood ○ Hemostasis and coagulation assays

Answer 31

Procedures performed in Hema Section

Question 32

Iron-containing oxygen transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells

Answer 32

HEMOGLOBIN

Question 33

■ Cyanmethemoglobin Method ■ Automated Hemoglobinometry ■ Point-of-care (POC) Hemoglobin

Answer 33

HEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION

Question 34

○ Reagent: Drabkin’s Reagent ○ Principle: Oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric by potassium ferricyanide =

Answer 34

Cyanmethemoglobin Method

Question 35

Utilizes cyanmethemoglobin method with modified Drabkin’s reagent

Answer 35

Automated Hemoglobinometry

Question 36

○ HemoCue Method ○ Modified azide methemoglobin reaction ○ Regent: ■ Sodium nitrate and sodium azide

Answer 36

Point-of-care (POC) Hemoglobin Assay

Question 37

For evaluation or treatment of anemia and determine the presence of nutritional deficiencies

Answer 37

HEMATOCRIT DETERMINATION

Question 38

Manual puncture, Blood collection method: skin puncture, Spin a blood-filled capillary tube using a microhematocrit centrifuge (Method of Hematocrit Determination)

Answer 38

Spun Microhematocrit

Question 39

Computed from the mean cell volume and the red cell count (Method of Hematocrit Determination)

Answer 39

Automated

Question 40

■ White blood cells count diluting fluid ■ Thoma white pipette ■ Hemacytometer and coverslip ■ Alcohol pads ■ Microscope

Answer 40

Requirements of Blood Cell Count

Question 41

Also known as Coulter Principle; The sizing and counting of particles are based on changes in electrical resistance creating voltage pulses.

Answer 41

ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE

Question 42

■ Hydrodynamic focusing method ■ Uses laser light in cell counting and sizing

Answer 42

OPTICAL DETECTION

Question 43

a quantitative and automated hematology analyzer, which is designed for in vitro diagnostic use in clinical laboratories

Answer 43

BECKMAN COULTER AUTOMATED HEMATOLOGY ANALYZER

Question 44

Steps in Peripheral Blood Smear

Answer 44

1. Place a small drop of whole blood on a very clean slide. Hold a second slide at the angle above. 2. While maintaining contact with the button slide, pull the top slide back to contact the drop, which will spread by capillary action. 3. Maintain firm contact with the button slide and push the top slide in one motion to produce the smear.

Question 45

Young RBCs without nucleus but still bear cytoplasmic RNA

Answer 45

RETICULOCYTES

Question 46

● Determines how the bone marrow produce and release new RBCs to compensate lost/damaged RBCs ● Blood film is stained with a supravital stain

Answer 46

RETICULOCYTE COUNT

Question 47

The rate at which RBCs fall in a column; non-specific test for inflammation

Answer 47

ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE

Question 48

Anticoagulant for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

Answer 48

Sodium Citrate

Question 49

Time of testing for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

Answer 49

one hour

Question 50

Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)

Answer 50

PLASMA COAGULATION ASSAYS

Question 51

○ Coagulation testing ○ Detect abnormalities in hemostasis ○ Anticoagulant: Sodium citrate ○ Sample: Plasma only

Answer 51

Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)