Hematology

Question 1

Composition of blood.

Answer 1

95% RBC
5% WBC

Question 2

Chief functions of blood.

Answer 2

1. Delivery of substances needed for cellular metabolism
2. Defense against invading microorganisms and injury
3. Maintenance of acid-base balance

Question 3

Primarily found in membraneous bone such as the vertebrae, pelvis, sternum, and ribs. Produces RBC.

Answer 3

Red bone marrow

Question 4

Produces some WBCs but is composed mainly of connective tissue and fat.

Answer 4

Yellow bone marrow

Question 5

Organ that stores large quantities of blood and produces lymphocytes, specifically plasma cells, which produce antibodies.

Answer 5

Spleen

Question 6

Blood forming organ (in intrauterine life) which plays an important role in the coagulation process.

Answer 6

Liver

Question 7

Clear portion of the blood. 92% water.

Answer 7

Plasma

Question 8

Most plentiful protein in the blood.

Answer 8

Albumin

Question 9

Transport other proteins and provide the body with immunity to disease.

Answer 9

Globulins

Question 10

Essential for blood clotting.

Answer 10

Fibrinogen

Question 11

Red colored protein that gives RBC the red color.

Answer 11

Hemoglobin

Question 12

Lifespan of RBC.

Answer 12

120 days

Question 13

Specialized WBCs that destroy old RBCs.

Answer 13

Macrophages

Question 14

Broken down RBC into waste product.

Answer 14

Bilirubin

Question 15

Destroy foreign substances and clear the bloodstream of debris.

Answer 15

WBC

Question 16

Make up 5% of total WBC.

Answer 16

Monocytes

Question 17

Make up 27.5% of WBC.

Answer 17

Lymphocytes

Question 18

Make up 65% of WBC.

Answer 18

Neutrophils

Question 19

Make up 2.5% of WBC.

Answer 19

Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 20

Fraction of the total volume. of blood that consists of RBCs.

Answer 20

Hematocrit

Question 21

Identifies the different types of leukocytes present in the blood.

Answer 21

Differential count

Question 22

Small fragments of megakaryocytes that become sticky to form clots.

Answer 22

Platelets

Question 23

Initial physiologic response to wounding that causes bleeding to cease.

Answer 23

Hemostasis

Question 24

Stages of hemostasis.

Answer 24

1. Vasoconstriction
2. Platelet plug
3. Coagulation
4. Growth of fibrous tissue

Question 25

Formed in response to rupture or damage of the blood vessel. Stimulates prothrombin to thrombin.

Answer 25

Prothrombin activator

Question 26

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin threads.

Answer 26

Thrombin

Question 27

Substances in the blood that act in sequence to stop bleeding by forming a clot.

Answer 27

Clotting factors

Question 28

Condition in which the concentration of hemoglobin or erythrocytes in the blood is lower than normal.

Answer 28

Anemia

Question 29

Two types of anemia.

Answer 29

Iron-deficiency anemia Hemolytic anemia

Question 30

Gives hemoglobin ability to bind to oxygen.

Answer 30

Iron

Question 31

Caused by premature destruction of RBCs in blood.

Answer 31

Hemolytic anemia

Question 32

Several types of cancers in which an abnormal proliferation of WBCs occur usually in the bone marrow.

Answer 32

Leukemia

Question 33

Decrease in the number of WBCs.

Answer 33

Leukopenia

Question 34

Leukemia pts are highly susceptible to what?

Answer 34

Serious infection Anemia Bleeding episodes

Question 35

Cells whose daughter cells may develop into other cell types.

Answer 35

Stem cells

Question 36

Any neoplastic disorder of the lymphoid tissue.

Answer 36

Lymphoma

Question 37

All lymphomas are malignant or benign?

Answer 37

Malignant

Question 38

Characterized by painless, progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue found mainly in the lymph nodes and spleen. One of the most curable cancers.

Answer 38

Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 39

Group of metabolic disturbances that can occur after treatment of cancer.

Answer 39

Tumor lysis syndrome

Question 40

Increase in the total RBC mass of the blood.

Answer 40

Polycythemia

Question 41

Rare disorder of the bone marrow that causes increased production of RBCs causing blood to thicken.

Answer 41

Primary polycythemia

Question 42

Naturally present in people of high altitude or heavy smokers in which there is increased RBC production.

Answer 42

Secondary polycythemia

Question 43

An abnormal clotting disorder that arises as a complication of severe injury, trauma, pregnancy, or disease.

Answer 43

Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)

Question 44

Medical condition that causes uncontrolled bleeding and that involves the loss of bleeding control mechanisms. Stems from an abnormal gene on the X chromosome.

Answer 44

Hemophilia

Question 45

Low platelet count.

Answer 45

Thrombocytopenia

Question 46

Occurs when antibodies attack and destroy the body's platelets.

Answer 46

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP)

Question 47

Life-threatening disease that occurs when small blood clots corm suddenly throughout the body.

Answer 47

Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP)

Question 48

Inherited blood disorder that affects African, South American, Caribben in which body produces abnormal type of hemoglobin that has inferior carrying capacity for oxygen.

Answer 48

Sickle cell disease.

Question 49

When the sickle-shaped RBCs are unable to pass through blood vessels and become lodged, consequently blocking blood flow to various organs.

Answer 49

Sickle-cell crisis

Question 50

New abnormal consolidation on a chest radiograph accompanied by fever and/or respiratory symptoms in a patient with sickle cell disease.

Answer 50

Acute chest syndrome

Question 51

Malignant neoplasm of plasma cells that tend to accumulate in the bone marrow.

Answer 51

Multiple myeloma

Question 52

Specific questions for all patients with hematologic disorders.

Answer 52

Dizziness Syncope Difficulty breathing Heartbeat irregularities

Question 53

Phase of DIC that is characterized by free thrombin in the blood, fibrin deposits, and aggregation of platelets.

Answer 53

1st phase

Question 54

Phase of DIC that is characterized by hemorrhage caused by depletion of clotting factors.

Answer 54

2nd phase