Hematology

Question 1

To aid in diagnosing anemia, certain cancers of the blood, inflammatory diseases, and to monitor blood loss and infection

Answer 1

CBC

Question 2

This is the
oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells

Answer 2

HB

Question 3

To diagnose and/or to monitor certain types of bleeding and clotting disorders

Answer 3

Platelet count (usually done as part of the CBC)

Question 4

To evaluate bleeding and clotting disorders and to monitor anticoagulation (anticlotting) therapies

Answer 4

Prothrombin time (PT) Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) International Normalized Ratio (INR)

Question 5

RBC reference range and clinical significance

Answer 5

4-6 million/ uL; Anemia and bleeding

Question 6

Hb and Hct reference range for men

Answer 6

Hb: 14-18
Hct: 42-54%

Question 7

Hb and Hct reference range for female

Answer 7

Hb: 12-16 g/ dL
Female: 38-46%

Question 8

Hb and Hct Clinical Significance

Answer 8

Low Values: Anemia, Massive Blood Loss
High Values: Polycythemia, Dehydration/severe blood loss

Question 9

RBC indices ref range

Answer 9

MCV: 84-99 fL
MCH: 26-32 pg
MCHC: 30-36 g/dL

Question 10

Low MCV and MCHC could lead to

Answer 10

Microcytic hypochromic anemia secondary to iron deficiency or thalassemia

Question 11

High MCV could mean

Answer 11

macrocytic anema secondary to megaloblastic anemia

Question 12

RBC deficiency could lead to

Answer 12

1. Hemolytic anemia: decrease number of RBC
2. Excess bleeding
3. Hereditary spherocytosis :

Question 13

rare blood disorder in which defects in the red blood cells cause them to be shaped like spheres and break down easily

Answer 13

Hereditary spherocytosis

Question 14

Over production of RBC

Answer 14

Polycythemia

Question 15

caused by overproduction of red blood cells by the bone marrow due to mutation or biological factor in the body

Answer 15

Primary polycythemia

Question 16

which is caused by factors that reduce the amount of oxygen reaching the body’s tissues, such as smoking, high altitude or congenital heart disease.

Answer 16

Secondary polycythemia:

Question 17

The red blood cells in some patients with _____________ may carry an abnormal form of hemoglobin that does not release oxygen readily (high-affinity hemoglobin).

Answer 17

secondary polycythemia

Question 18

hemoglobin levels are decrease but RBC size is normal (acute blood loss, anemia, chronic diseases).

Answer 18

Normocytic

Question 19

insufficiency of hemoglobin synthesis (iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia)

Answer 19

Microcytic

Question 20

deficiency of vitamin B1 or folic acid (hypothyroidism, alcoholism)

Answer 20

Macrocytic

Question 21

alteration in hemoglobin structure

Answer 21

Sickle cell anemia

Question 22

a measure of how much space red blood cells take up in your blood.

Answer 22

Hematocrit

Question 23

high hematocrit level might mean

Answer 23

dehydration

Question 24

low hematocrit level might mean

Answer 24

anemia

Question 25

Abnormal hematocrit levels may also be a sign of a

Answer 25

blood or bone marrow disorder.

Question 26

Determined by centrifuging a capillary of whole blood and comparing the height of settled red cells to that of whole blood

Answer 26

Hematocrit

Question 27

Hematocrit equation

Answer 27

%HCT = (Redcells/Volume) x 100

Question 28

T/F: Hemoglobin and Hematocrit are affected similarly by the same medical conditions

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Hemoglobin and Hematocrit may be decreased due to:

Answer 29

-blood loss -chronic disease -infiltrative diseases of the bone marrow

Question 30

Hemoglobin and Hematocrit may be increased due to:

Answer 30

-hemoconcentration form dehydration -chronic hypoxic state as with COPD -polycythemia vera

Question 31

Known as leukopenia

Answer 31

low WBC

Question 32

Known as leukocytosis

Answer 32

high WBC

Question 33

T/F: Allergies, asthma may cause high WBC count

Answer 33

True

Question 34

T/F: Intense exercise or severe stress may cause high WBC count

Answer 34

True

Question 35

neutropenia

Answer 35

low Neu, PMN, polys

Question 36

Reaction to drugs, chemotherapy · Immunodeficiency

Answer 36

neutropenia

Question 37

neutrophilia

Answer 37

high Neu, PMN, polys

Question 38

· Cushing syndrome

Answer 38

neutrophilia

Question 39

lymphocytopenia

Answer 39

low lymphocytes

Question 40

lymphocytosis

Answer 40

high lymphocytes

Question 41

T/F: Usually, one low count of Monocyte is not medically · significant.

Answer 41

True

Question 41

Repeated low counts of monocyte can indicate:

Answer 41

· Bone marrow damage or failure · Hairy cell leukemia · · Aplastic anemia

Question 42

High count of monocyte indicates

Answer 42

chronic infection, infection within the heart, collagen vascular diseases

Question 43

T/F: Eosinophil numbers are normally low in the blood

Answer 43

true

Question 44

T/F: Parasitic infection can cause a rise in eosinophil number

Answer 44

True

Question 45

T/F: like eosinophil, basophil numbers are normally low in the blood

Answer 45

True

Question 46

High basophil could indicate

Answer 46

rare allergic reactions

Question 47

increase in platelet count

Answer 47

thrombocytosis

Question 48

thrombocytosis could be caused by

Answer 48

hemorrhage, IDA

Question 49

decrease in platelet count

Answer 49

thrombocytopenia

Question 50

thrombocytopenia could be caused by

Answer 50

Dengue, aplastic or hypoplastic bone marrow, depression

Question 51

An abnormally low level may be indicative of liver disease, primary fibrinolysis (a breakdown of clots), or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

Answer 51

Factor V

Question 53

Abnormal results may be a sign of excessive bleeding or hemorrhage, fibrinolysis, or placental abruption, which is a separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

Answer 53

Fibrinogen level

Question 54

protein made by your liver

Answer 54

Fibrinogen

Question 55

a substance involved in clotting

Answer 55

Factor V

Question 56

Blood clotting tests:

Answer 56

Factor V assay, Fibrinogen level

Question 57

a measure of the average size of your RBC.

Answer 57

MCV

Question 58

Abnormal MCV levels may be a sign of

Answer 58

anemia or thalassemia.

Question 59

Macro or microcytic: - alcoholism - vitamin B 12 and folate deficiency - hypothyroidism

Answer 59

Macro

Question 60

Macro or microcytic: - iron deficiency anemia - genetic abnormalities such as thalassemia

Answer 60

Micro

Question 61

test measures how well and how long it takes your blood to clot. It normally takes about 25 to 30 seconds. It may take longer if you take blood thinners.

Answer 61

prothrombin time (PT)

Question 62

abnormal results of PT may be due to

Answer 62

hemophilia, liver disease, and malabsorption.

Question 63

useful in monitoring those who take medications that affect clotting, such as warfarin

Answer 63

Prothrombin time