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Hematology Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

The study of blood and its components

A

Hematology

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2
Q

% of total body weight

A

7-8%

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3
Q

Average blood volume

A

Male: 5-7L
Female: 4-6L

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4
Q

Blood is made up of

A

45% Formed Elements (RBC, WBC, PLTs)
55% Fluid Portion

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5
Q

Fluid portion is known as either

A

Plasma or Serum

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6
Q

unclotted blood or anticoagulated blood and contains fibrinogen.

A

Plasma

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7
Q

clotted blood and does not contain fibrinogen

A

Serum

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8
Q

Fluid portion is made up of

A

90% water
10% solutes

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9
Q

What are the three types of blood collection?

A

Arterial Puncture
Venipuncture
Skin Puncture

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10
Q

Most preferred site for venipuncture

A

Median antecubital fossa of the vein.

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11
Q

How many times are allowed to collect blood from patient?

A

2 times (theoretically)

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12
Q

Site for skin puncture for <1yr old

A

medial or lateral portion of plantar surface of the foot.

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13
Q

Site for skin puncture for >1yr old

A

second, third, or fourth finger; perpendicular to the finger print; slightly off center.

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14
Q

Which specimen is utilized for CBC?

A

EDTA Whole Blood

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15
Q

Which specimen is utilized for methemoglobin quantification?

A

Heparinized Whole Blood

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16
Q

What specimen is used for coagulation studies?

A

Platelet-Poor Citrated Plasma

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17
Q

What specimen is used for PLT aggregation studies?

A

Platelet-Rich Citrated Plasma

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18
Q

What specimen is used for Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility Test (EOFT), Autohemolysis, and Acid Serum Test?

A

Defibrinated Blood

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19
Q

What specimen is used for primary laboratories and for babies?

A

Capillary Blood

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20
Q

What are the dimensions of the tourniquet?

A

18-20 inches long;
1 inch wide

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21
Q

Tourniquet should be placed/applied

A

3-4 inches (7.5-10 cm) above from the puncture site.

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22
Q

What needle gauge is routinely used for adults?

A

19, 20, 21, 22
21- most commonly used

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23
Q

What gauge number is used for blood donation?

A

gauge #16

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24
Q

What gauge # is used for blood transfusion?

A

gauge #18

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25
DNA fragments; Keulgen Stain (+); Found in Megaloblastic Anemia
Howell-Jolly Bodies
26
Denatured Hgb; Supravital Stain (+); G6PD Deficiency; Unstable Hgb; exposure/ingestion of oxidizing agents (e.g., Naphthalene ball/Moth balls)
Heinz Bodies
27
Siderotic granules; Iron granules; Perl’s Prussian Blue (+); Found in Sideroblastic Anemia
Pappenheimer bodies
28
Aggregates of ribosomes; Found in Lead poisoning; Found in Pyrimidine 5 nucleotidase deficiency
Basophilic Stripplings
29
Red-violet; Figure of 8/infinity; Remnants of mitotic spindle fiber; Found in Megaloblastic Anemia
Cabot rings
30
Found in HbC disease; hexagonal (rods); in pairs; in parallel
HgB Cc
31
Found in Hb Sc disease; Washington monument/ finger-like (hand-like) appearance
HgB Sc
32
Anemia due to impaired DNA synthesis
Megaloblastic Anemia
33
Young blood cells that were forced to enter the circulation or peripheral blood; Found in Hemolytic Anemia
Shift Cells
34
Found in abetalipoproteinemia “Bassen-Kornzweig Syndrome” Found in McLeod phenotype (Kell Blood Group System)
Acanthocyte “Spur Cells”
35
Found in uremia (kidney problems)
Echinocyte “Burr cell”
36
Found in Myelofibrosis and Myeloid Metaplasia
Dacrocyte “Teardrop cells”
37
Crescent/Banana appearance Found in HbS + individuals
Drepanocyte “Sickle cell”
38
Found in RBC fragments Found in Burns & Hemolytic Anemia
Schizocyte/Schistocyte
39
Found in Liver disease Rh null phenotype
Stomatocyte “Mouth Cells”
40
Found in Thalassemia; Hemoglobinopathy
Codocyte “Target Cell”
41
Horn-Like/ Helmet-like appearance Found in Hemolytic Anemia
Keratocyte
42
Oval RBCs: Found in *Plasmodium ovale* infection
Ovalocyte
43
Hypo-segmented; Bilobed; Associated with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) and Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia (CGL)
Pelger-Huet “Pince-Nez”
44
Neutrophils have >5 lobes; Found in Megaloblastic Anemia
Hypersegmentation
45
Defective lysosomes; Defect in the digestion process of phagocytes; Golden-brown inclusion (purplish); Bead-like appearance
Chediak Higashi
46
Common; Found in infections Found in neutrophils only Accompanied with Dohle Bodies & Vaculations
Toxic Granulation
47
Found in mucopolysaccharides Found in all WBCs Test in urine for mucopolysaccharides Reagent: CTAB “Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide”/ Cetrimide Positive (+) Result: White turbidity
Alder Reilly Bodies
48
Found in infections Found in neutrophils only Accompanied by Toxic Granulations & Vacuolation
Dohle Bodies
49
Found in May-Hegglin Anomaly Found in all WBCs Accompanied by giant PLTs (high MPV)
May-Hegglin Bodies
50
Remnants of lymphocytes Found in CLL
Smudge Cells
51
Remnants of neutrophils
Basket cells
52
Neutrophil with ingested nucleus
LE cells
53
Monocyte with ingested nucleus
Tart Cells
54
Macrophage with crumpled tissue appearance Found in Gaucher’s Disease = deficiency of beta-glucocerebrosidase
Gaucher Cells
55
Macrophage with foamy appearance/bubbles Found in Niemann-Pick Disease= deficiency of sphingomyelinase
Foam Cell
56
Reactive/Variant/Turk’s irritation cells Found in infectious mononucleosis (caused by Epstein Barr Virus) Identity: T cells Polyglonal; Marginates on the surrounding RBCs (adapt to the shape of surrounding RBCs)
Atypical Lymphocyte
57
T cell with ceribriform nucleus
Sezary Cells
58
Derived from B Cells
Hairy Cells
59
Owl-Eye appearance Found in Hodgkin’s Disease Macrophages
Reed-Sternberg cells
60
PLT diluent particularly for Light Microscope
Rees-Ecker Diluent
61
PLT diluent for Phase- Contrast Microscope
1% Ammonium Oxalate
62
Screening Test for Primary Hemostasis
Bleeding Time (Duke’s Method & Ivy Method)
63
Screening test for Secondary Hemostasis
Clotting time
64
Detect deficiency in Common Pathway
Stypven Time
65
INTRINSIC PATHWAY
F12 (Hageman Factor/Contact Factor); F11 (PTA/ Anti-hemophilic factor C); F9 (Christmas Factor/ Anti-hemophilic Factor B); F8 (Anti-hemophilic Factor A/ PLT Cofactor I)
66
EXTRINSIC PATHWAY
F3 (Tissue Factor); F7 (Stable Factor/Proconvertin)
67
COMMON PATHWAY
F10 (Stuart Prower Factor) F5 (Labile Factor/Proaccelerin) F2 (Prothrombin) F1 (Fibrinogen)
68
Attachment of PLTs to the wall of blood vessels
Adhesion
69
Release contents of granules to release PLTs
Secretion/Release
70
Attachment of PLTs with each other
Aggregation
71
Problem in GPIIb/GPIIIa
Glanzmann Thrombasthemia
72
Problem in GPIb
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
73
The stoppage of blood flow
Hemostasis
74
Anaerobic glycolytic pathway; Provide energy for RBCs; Uses glucose without needing oxygen
Embden-Meyerhof Pathway
75
Generated 2, 3 Diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) = facilitates release of oxygen to tissues
Rapoport Luebering Pathway
76
Prevents the conversion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin
Pentose Phosphate Pathway “Hexose Monophosphate Shunt”
77
Converts the methemoglobin back into normal hemoglobin
Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway
78
Measure the ability of the RBCs to take up fluid without lysing
Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility Test (EOFT)
79
TEST FOR SICKLE CELLS Rgt: Sodium Metabisulfite; (+) Holly Leaf Formation
Sickling Test
80
TEST FOR SICKLE CELLS Rgt: Sodium Dithionite & Saponin (+) Turbidity; when lines behind tubes are no longer visible
Solubility Test

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