Hematology

Question 1

average amount of blood in a person

Answer 1

5-6 mL

Question 2

Liquid portion of blood, contains various enzymes and proteins (such as coag factors and immunoglobulins)

Answer 2

Plasma

Question 3

Formation/ maturation of blood cells

Answer 3

Hematopoesis

Question 4

Formation of reticulocytes stimulated by erythropoetin (EPO) and other factors

Answer 4

Erythropoesis

Question 5

increased destruction of RBCs is indicated by what?

Answer 5

Increased bilirubin

Increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Question 6

what produces erythropoetin?

Answer 6

Kidneys

Question 7

what reduces affinity for O2?

Answer 7

reduced pH (acidity)
CO2
increased temp
high elevation

Question 8

synthesis of hemoglobin requires what?

Answer 8

pyridoxine (Vit B6)

Question 9

normal hemoglobin level?

Answer 9

13-17 g/dL

Question 10

normal hematocrit

Answer 10

39-50% (3x Hgb)

Question 11

what is the term for the average volume of RBC

Answer 11

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Question 12

term form Volume of RBC occupied by Hgb (%

Answer 12

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Question 13

what is the term for Variability of RBC size

Answer 13

Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

Question 14

what is the Transporter protein for iron

Answer 14

Transferrin

Question 15

what do low levels of transferrin indicate?

Answer 15

iron deficiency

liver dz

Question 16

when do you see high iron levels?

Answer 16

hemolytic anemias

iron overlaod

Question 17

Indirect measurement of how much iron the patients transferrin CAN hold

Answer 17

Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)

Question 18

If TIBC is low what does that indicate?

Answer 18

Anemia of chronic disease, liver disease, renal disease

Question 19

If TIBC is high what does that indicate?

Answer 19

iron deficiency anemia

Question 20

what is the term for the storage iron?

Answer 20

ferritin

Question 21

cells that Carry out immune system functions

Recognize self from non self

Answer 21

leukocytes

Question 22

what are the granulocytes?

Answer 22

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

Question 23

what leukocyte Prevent microorganism invasion, kill invading organisms
Attracted to site of infection by chemotactic factors
Phagocytize microorganisms
Release toxic substances from granules within cell into vacuole containing organism

Answer 23

neutrophils

Question 24

what is increased bands in circulation?

Answer 24

“left shift” can be sign of infection or leukemia

Question 25

What does a low absolute neutrophil count indicate? (ANC)

Answer 25

higher risk for infection

Question 26

Effector cells of immune system, recognize invaders, tag them for removal and kill them

Answer 26

lymphocytes (T cells and B cells)

Question 27

Express CD4 as T cell receptor (TCR) | Binds to antigen on antigen presenting cells with major histocompatability complex (MHC) 2

Answer 27

helper T cells

Question 28

Express CD8 as TCR | Binds to antigen on antigen presenting cells with MHC 1

Answer 28

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 29

Bind soluble antigen, then display on MHC 2 receptors

Answer 29

B lymphocytes

Question 30

Serve to replenish tissues with macrophages prior to and during immune response

Answer 30

monocytes

Question 31

what are different macrophages

Answer 31

Liver- Kupffer cells CNS- microglial cells Skin- Langerhans cells Bone- osteoclasts

Question 32

Responsible for immune processes against helminths and parasites and allergic rxns

Answer 32

eosinophils

Question 33

Mediates inflammatory reactions Releases heparin, histamine, and cytokines Chemotactic for eosinophils Involved in allergic reactions

Answer 33

Basophils

Question 34

``` Facilitate blood coagulation by Adhering to exposed endothelial tissue Aggregation with other platelets Secretion of platelet coagulants ` ```

Answer 34

platelets

Question 35

lifespan of platelets

Answer 35

7-10 days

Question 36

what can cause high platelets

Answer 36

myeloproliferative disease | polycythemia

Question 37

what is the Rhesus factor?

Answer 37

D antigen

Question 38

Women tend to have lower ____ values and higher platelet counts versus men

Answer 38

RBC