Hematology

Question 1

Where are pluripotent hematopoietic stems cells produced?

Answer 1

Red bone marrow. Also in liver, spleen, and thymus in prenatal animals.

Question 2

What is the name of the progenitor cell that gives rise to all blood cells EXCEPT lymphocytes?

Answer 2

Common myeloid progenitor

Question 3

What is the name of the progenitor cell that gives rise to lymphocytes?

Answer 3

Common lymphoid progenitor

Question 4

Which progenitor cell gives rise to erythrocytes and thrombocytes?

Answer 4

Megakaryocyte/Erythrocyte progenitor

Question 5

Which progenitor cell gives rise to monocytes and granulocytes?

Answer 5

Granulocyte/Monocyte progenitor

Question 6

What are immature erythrocytes called?

Answer 6

Reticulocytes

Question 7

What is a distinguishing feature of reticulocytes?

Answer 7

They still contain some ribosomal material.

Question 8

What cells give rise to thrombocytes?

Answer 8

Megakaryocytes

Question 9

Where is erythropoietin produced?

Answer 9

kidneys

Question 10

In what stage of erythropoiesis does hemoglobin formation begin?

Answer 10

rubricyte

Question 11

In what stage of erythropoiesis does hemoglobin formation end?

Answer 11

metarubricyte

Question 12

What is the cell evolution of erythrocytes?

Answer 12

rubriblast - prorubricyte - rubricyte - metarubricyte - reticulocyte - erythrocyte

Question 13

Where is thrombopoietin produced?

Answer 13

liver endothelial cells. also kidney

Question 14

What is the cell evolution of thrombocytes?

Answer 14

megakaryoblasts - promegakaryocytes - megakaryocytes - proplatelets - platelets

Question 15

What is the cell evolution of granulocytes?

Answer 15

myeloblasts - promyelocytes - myelocytes - metamyelocytes - band cells - mature granulocytes

Question 16

What is the cell evolution of monocytes?

Answer 16

Monoblast - promonocyte - monocyte

Question 17

What is the cell evolution of lymphocytes?

Answer 17

lymphoblast - prolymphocyte - lymphocyte

Question 18

Where do T-lymphocytes mature?

Answer 18

thymus

Question 19

Where do B-lymphocytes mature?

Answer 19

bone marrow

Question 20

Where do NK cells mature?

Answer 20

bone marrow

Question 21

What are the disadvantages of heparin as an anticoagulant?

Answer 21

Clumps white blood cells and interferes with their staining.

Question 22

Why is heparin not a suitable anticoagulant for blood smears?

Answer 22

It interferes with WBCs staining.

Question 23

Why is heparin not a suitable anticoagulant for CBCs?

Answer 23

It can cause WBC clumping.

Question 24

What is a disadvantage of citrate anticoagulants?

Answer 24

Can interfere with blood chemistry.

Question 25

What is a disadvantage of fluoride anticoagulants?

Answer 25

Can interfere with enzymatic testing.

Question 26

What is an advantage/primary use of fluoride anticoagulants?

Answer 26

glucose preservation

Question 27

What is the term for an increase in circulating RBCs?

Answer 27

polycythemia

Question 28

What are common causes of relative polycythemia?

Answer 28

splenic contraction; dehydration

Question 29

What are common causes of primary polycythemia?

Answer 29

proliferation of erythroid precursor cells

Question 30

What does packed cell volume measure?

Answer 30

The % of RBCs in whole blood.

Question 31

How can you estimate the total RBC count from the PCV measurement?

Answer 31

PCV / 6 = total RBCs

Question 32

What is mean corpuscular volume?

Answer 32

Average RBC size in femtoliters (fL)

Question 33

How is MCV calculated?

Answer 33

Divide PCV by RBC concentration (in millions/mL) and multiply by 10.

Question 34

What is mean corpuscular hemoglobin?

Answer 34

Mean hemoglobin weight in the average RBC in picograms (pg).

Question 35

How is MCH calculated?

Answer 35

Divide Hb concentration by RBC concentration and multiply by 10.

Question 36

What is mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration?

Answer 36

Concentration (weight ratio) of Hb in the average RBC in g/dL.

Question 37

How is MCHC calculated?

Answer 37

Divide Hb concentration by PCV and multiply by 100.

Question 38

How many WBCs should be evaluated in a differential blood count?

Answer 38

100

Question 39

How many oil-immersion fields should be looked at when counting platelets?

Answer 39

10

Question 40

What is the average number of platelets per field?

Answer 40

7-10

Question 41

How can you estimate the total number of platelets from the average number per field?

Answer 41

Multiply by 20,000

Question 42

What does the neutrophil nucleus look like?

Answer 42

3-5 lobes, densely clumped chromatin

Question 43

What does the neutrophil cytoplasm look like?

Answer 43

Pale with fine pinkish granules.

Question 44

What does the eosinophil nucleus look like?

Answer 44

Similar to the neutrophil but with looser chromatin.

Question 45

What does the eosinophil cytoplasm look like?

Answer 45

Prominently stained granules, size and shape vary by species.

Question 46

What does the monocyte nucleus look like?

Answer 46

Variable - kidney shaped, elongated, lobulated, amoeboid with diffuse chromatin

Question 47

What does the monocyte cytoplasm look like?

Answer 47

Fine pink granules, may contain vacuoles

Question 48

What does the basophil nucleus look like?

Answer 48

Similar to monocytes.

Question 49

What does the basophil cytoplasm look like?

Answer 49

Granules stain light to dark purple to black.

Question 50

What does the lymphocyte nucleus look like?

Answer 50

Slightly indented with coarsely clumped chromatin.

Question 51

What does the lymphocyte cytoplasm look like?

Answer 51

Scanty. Pink-purple granules if present.

Question 52

Which WBC is indicative of chronic infection?

Answer 52

Monocyte

Question 53

Which WBC is indicative of allergic reaction or parasite infection?

Answer 53

Eosinophil

Question 54

Which WBC is primarily concerned with antibody production?

Answer 54

Lymphocyte

Question 55

Which WBCs are concerned with immune system modulation?

Answer 55

Eosinophils, Basophils

Question 56

Which WBCs are primarily concerned with phagocytosis?

Answer 56

Neutrophils, Monocytes