Hematology

Question 1

What is hematology?

Answer 1

The study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood disorders.

Question 2

True or False: Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

Answer 3

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The liquid component of blood is called ______.

Answer 4

plasma

Question 5

What are platelets primarily responsible for?

Answer 5

Blood clotting.

Question 6

Which type of white blood cell is primarily involved in the immune response?

Answer 6

Lymphocytes

Question 7

What is anemia?

Answer 7

A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.

Question 8

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of anemia? A) Iron-deficiency anemia B) Hemolytic anemia C) Aplastic anemia D) All of the above

Answer 8

D) All of the above

Question 9

What is the normal range of hemoglobin for adult males?

Answer 9

13.8 to 17.2 grams per deciliter.

Question 10

True or False: Hemophilia is a disorder that affects the clotting ability of blood.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What is the role of erythropoietin?

Answer 11

To stimulate the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the ______ gene.

Answer 12

HBB

Question 13

What is thrombocytopenia?

Answer 13

A condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets in the blood.

Question 14

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of white blood cell? A) Neutrophil B) Eosinophil C) Basophil D) Hemoglobin

Answer 14

D) Hemoglobin

Question 15

What is the primary cause of iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 15

Insufficient iron intake or absorption.

Question 16

True or False: The spleen plays a role in filtering blood and recycling iron.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is the function of plasma proteins?

Answer 17

To maintain oncotic pressure and transport substances in the blood.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The most common inherited bleeding disorder is ______.

Answer 18

von Willebrand disease

Question 19

What is polycythemia?

Answer 19

A condition characterized by an increase in the number of red blood cells.

Question 20

Multiple Choice: Which of the following can lead to secondary polycythemia? A) Chronic hypoxia B) Dehydration C) Smoking D) All of the above

Answer 20

D) All of the above

Question 21

What is the term for the process of blood cell formation?

Answer 21

Hematopoiesis

Question 22

True or False: Leukemia is a cancer of the lymphatic system.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What is the primary treatment for severe hemophilia?

Answer 23

Replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and ______.

Answer 24

X

Question 25

What is the role of neutrophils?

Answer 25

To fight infection by engulfing bacteria and fungi.

Question 26

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of aplastic anemia? A) Decreased red blood cell production B) Increased white blood cell levels C) High platelet counts D) None of the above

Answer 26

A) Decreased red blood cell production

Question 27

What is the primary diagnostic test for anemia?

Answer 27

Complete blood count (CBC)

Question 28

True or False: Hemoglobin A1c is a measure of average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What is the main function of basophils?

Answer 29

To release histamine and play a role in allergic reactions.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The term ______ refers to the presence of an abnormally high number of white blood cells.

Answer 30

leukocytosis

Question 31

What is the primary cause of thrombosis?

Answer 31

Abnormal blood flow, hypercoagulability, or vascular injury.

Question 32

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of thrombosis? A) Arterial thrombosis B) Venous thrombosis C) Pulmonary thrombosis D) Capillary thrombosis

Answer 32

C) Pulmonary thrombosis

Question 33

What is the role of monocytes?

Answer 33

To differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells to respond to infections.

Question 34

True or False: Hemolytic anemia is caused by the destruction of red blood cells.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The primary site of hematopoiesis in adults is the ______.

Answer 35

bone marrow

Question 36

What is the significance of reticulocyte count?

Answer 36

It indicates the bone marrow's response to anemia.

Question 37

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common symptom of anemia? A) Fatigue B) Jaundice C) Shortness of breath D) All of the above

Answer 37

D) All of the above

Question 38

What is myelodysplastic syndrome?

Answer 38

A group of disorders caused by poorly formed or dysfunctional blood cells.

Question 39

True or False: Essential thrombocythemia is characterized by high platelet counts.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What is the primary treatment for sickle cell disease?

Answer 40

Pain management and prevention of complications.

Question 41

Fill in the blank: The presence of ______ in the blood can indicate a bacterial infection.

Answer 41

neutrophils

Question 42

What does the term 'coagulopathy' refer to?

Answer 42

A condition where the blood's ability to coagulate is impaired.

Question 43

Multiple Choice: Which vitamin is crucial for red blood cell production? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin B12 C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin D

Answer 43

B) Vitamin B12

Question 44

What is the role of the lymphatic system in hematology?

Answer 44

To transport lymph, filter pathogens, and contribute to immune responses.

Question 45

True or False: Blood type is determined by the presence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The ______ test is used to evaluate the blood's clotting ability.

Answer 46

PT/INR

Question 47

What is the main concern with a high white blood cell count?

Answer 47

It may indicate an underlying infection or hematological disorder.

Question 48

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common treatment for anemia? A) Iron supplements B) Blood transfusions C) Erythropoietin injections D) All of the above

Answer 48

D) All of the above

Question 49

What is the primary cause of vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 49

Malabsorption or lack of intrinsic factor.

Question 50

True or False: A complete blood count includes measurements of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Fill in the blank: The ______ pathway is activated by tissue injury and is part of the coagulation cascade.

Answer 51

extrinsic

Question 52

What is the function of the bone marrow?

Answer 52

To produce blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 53

Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by high levels of bilirubin? A) Hemolytic anemia B) Aplastic anemia C) Iron-deficiency anemia D) Sickle cell disease

Answer 53

A) Hemolytic anemia

Question 54

What is the difference between acute and chronic leukemia?

Answer 54

Acute leukemia progresses rapidly and requires immediate treatment, while chronic leukemia progresses more slowly.

Question 55

True or False: Blood transfusions can help treat severe anemia.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Fill in the blank: The primary role of ______ is to transport oxygen in the blood.

Answer 56

hemoglobin

Question 57

What is the primary cause of autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

Answer 57

The immune system mistakenly attacks red blood cells.

Question 58

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a symptom of thrombocytopenia? A) Easy bruising B) Excessive bleeding C) Increased energy D) Petechiae

Answer 58

C) Increased energy

Question 59

What is the significance of blood typing?

Answer 59

To ensure compatibility for blood transfusions and organ transplants.

Question 60

True or False: Apheresis is a procedure used to separate blood components.

Answer 60

True

Question 61

Fill in the blank: The ______ test measures the time it takes for blood to clot.

Answer 61

PT

Question 62

What is the role of the kidneys in hematology?

Answer 62

To produce erythropoietin and help regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.

Question 63

Multiple Choice: Which disorder is characterized by an overproduction of red blood cells? A) Polycythemia vera B) Sickle cell disease C) Thalassemia D) Aplastic anemia

Answer 63

A) Polycythemia vera

Question 64

What is the function of the spleen?

Answer 64

To filter blood, recycle iron, and help fight infections.

Question 65

True or False: Leukopenia refers to a decreased white blood cell count.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

Fill in the blank: The ______ system is responsible for transporting lymph and supporting immune functions.

Answer 66

lymphatic

Question 67

What is the main concern of a patient with thrombocytopenia?

Answer 67

Increased risk of bleeding.

Question 68

Multiple Choice: Which of the following can lead to vitamin K deficiency? A) Antibiotic use B) Liver disease C) Malabsorption D) All of the above

Answer 68

D) All of the above

Question 69

What is the role of dendritic cells?

Answer 69

To process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to T cells.

Question 70

True or False: A high reticulocyte count indicates effective bone marrow function.

Answer 70

True

Question 71

Fill in the blank: The ______ test evaluates the function of the intrinsic and common coagulation pathways.

Answer 71

aPTT

Question 72

What is the primary function of fibrinogen?

Answer 72

To convert to fibrin and form a mesh that stabilizes blood clots.

Question 73

Multiple Choice: Which condition is associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis? A) Prolonged immobility B) Dehydration C) Cancer D) All of the above

Answer 73

D) All of the above

Question 74

True or False: Hemoglobin F is the main form of hemoglobin present in adult humans.

Answer 74

False

Question 75

Fill in the blank: The ______ test measures the level of platelets in the blood.

Answer 75

platelet count

Question 76

What is the condition characterized by excessive bleeding due to a lack of clotting factors?

Answer 76

Hemophilia

Question 77

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common hereditary bleeding disorder? A) von Willebrand disease B) Iron-deficiency anemia C) Sickle cell disease D) Thalassemia

Answer 77

A) von Willebrand disease

Question 78

What is the primary function of plasma?

Answer 78

To transport blood cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

Question 79

True or False: Chronic blood loss can lead to iron deficiency.

Answer 79

True

Question 80

What is the term for a reduced ability to form blood clots?

Answer 80

coagulopathy

Question 81

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common treatment for thrombocytopenia? A) Platelet transfusion B) Iron supplements C) Vitamin K D) All of the above

Answer 81

A) Platelet transfusion

Question 82

What is the significance of the bone marrow biopsy?

Answer 82

To diagnose hematological disorders and assess bone marrow function.