HEMATOLOGY 2 LAB FINAL

Question 1

Baby/Kiddie Lymphocytes

Answer 1

10 to 20um, scant cytoplasm, condensed homogenous chromatin, may have small distinct nucleoli

Question 2

Nucleated RBC correction Forumula

Answer 2

WBC count x 100/ 100+ NRBC

Question 3

What is Pelger-Huet Anomaly?

Answer 3

Results in hypo segmentation of the granulocyte nucleus

2 forms: True (inherited)
Pseudo Pelger-huet (acquired)

Question 4

Heterozygous Pelger-Huet Anomaly Forms

Answer 4

Bi-lobed (pince-nez), dumbbell, peanut shape. Round forms may be present

Question 5

Homozygous Pelger-Huet Anomaly Forms

Answer 5

Rare form, round forms predominate

Question 6

What conditions is Pseudo-Pelger Huet found in?

Answer 6

• Seen in myeloproliferative, and acute leukemias
• May also be seen in acute infections, drug treatments, burns

Question 7

What is May-Hegglin anomaly?

Answer 7

Rare syndrome characterized by leukopenia, giant platelets and dohle bodies

Question 8

What are Dohle Bodies composed of?

Answer 8

Dole bodies of May-Hegglin are composed of precipitated myosin heavy chain. True dole bodies seen in bacterial infections are composed of lamellar rows of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 9

Pelger-Huet Anomaly caused by?

Answer 9

Caused by lamin b receptor mutation

Question 10

Chediak-Higashi symptoms

Answer 10

Susceptible to infections, partial albinism, all cells may have abnormal granules

Question 11

Chediak-Higashi PBS

Answer 11

Presence of large pale blue/grey abnormal cytoplasmic granules in cells

Question 12

Alder-Reilly Anomaly Granules Composition

Answer 12

partially degraded mucopolysaccharide from enzyme deficiency

Question 13

Alder-Reilly PBS findings

Answer 13

deep purple granules in neutrophils

Question 14

What are dole bodies caused by?

Answer 14

Maturation cut short, resulting in RNA material within the cell

Question 15

What conditions are toxic granules found?

Answer 15

found in bacterial infections, drug poisoning and burns

Question 16

Key Identifying Features of Toxic Granules

Answer 16

Prominent-blue grey granules in the cytoplasm, unevenly distributed

Question 17

Key Identifying Features of Dohle Bodies

Answer 17

Pale blue, round or elongated bodies found in the cytoplasm

Question 18

Where are reactive lymphocytes found?

Answer 18

Infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, viral influenza and hepatitis A + B

Question 19

Toxic Vacuolation caused by?

Answer 19

Phagocytosis

Question 20

Toxic Vacuolation key identifying features

Answer 20

Unstained circular area, usually within the cytoplasm

Question 21

Toxic Vacuolation is associated with what conditions?

Answer 21

Bacterial or fungal infection, poisoning burns, chemotherapy, artifact

Question 22

Reactive Lymphocytes key identifying features

Answer 22

Marked variability in cell size, shape, nuclear chromatin and amount of cytoplasm. Nucleoli are often present. Cytoplasm may be indented by adjacent red cells.

Question 23

Myeloblast Key Identifying Features

Answer 23

High nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio, no granules, 2-5 nucleoli

Question 24

Promyelocyte Key Identifying Features

Answer 24

primary granules many reds to purple that overlap nucleus, no secondary granules

Question 25

Myelocyte Key Identifying Features

Answer 25

Round to oval to one side, flattened near Golgi body

Question 26

Metamyelocyte Key Identifying Features

Answer 26

Kidney shaped, indentation <50% width of nucleus

Question 27

Band Neutrophil Key Identifying Features

Answer 27

The indentation of the nucleus is more than 50%, chromatin is seen in the thinnest part

Question 28

Segmented Neutrophil Key Identifying Features

Answer 28

2-5 lobes, no visible chromatin in the thinnest filaments

Question 29

Eosinophil Key Identifying Features

Answer 29

2-3 lobes, pink/orange staining granules

Question 30

Basophil Key Identifying Features

Answer 30

Dark staining purple to black granules overlapping the nucleus

Question 31

Auer Rods Key Identifying Features

Answer 31

Pink or red-stained needle-shaped structures seen in the cytoplasm of myeloid cells

Question 32

How are auer rods formed?

Answer 32

Fusion of primary granules

Question 33

L1 Lymphoblasts Key Identifying Features

Answer 33

Little cytoplasm, no or inconspicuous nucleoli with a round nucleus, homogenous appearance between cells

Question 34

L2 Lymphoblasts Key Identifying Features

Answer 34

Greater amount of cytoplasm, larger prominent nucleoli when present, great heterogeneity, basophilia, nuclear clefting/indentation

Question 35

L3 Lymphoblasts Key Identifying Features

Answer 35

Prominent cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuolation. Intense basophilic cytoplasm and large prominent vesicular nucleoli.

Question 36

Washed-out/Degranulated cytoplasm features + cause

Answer 36

Secondary granules appear dissolved due to increased water solubility in staining process

Question 37

Smudge Cells

Answer 37

These are cells that are easily damaged in the process of making a PBS. The nucleus may be a smudge, chromatin strands may be spread out, the cytoplasm is either absent or indistinct

Question 38

Hairy Cells

Answer 38

Cytoplasm with gray-blue hairlike projections, seen in HCL (hairy cell leukemia)

Question 39

Prolymphocyte

Answer 39

Round or indented nucleus, usually prominent single nucleolus, light blue cytoplasm Seen in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders aka CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)

Question 40

Sezary Cell

Answer 40

Overlapping nucleus (abnormal shape), seen in sezary syndrome

Question 41

Plasma Cell

Answer 41

Eccentric nucleus, blue cytoplasm, presence of clear area around the nucleus Seen in plasma cell dyscrasias (multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia)

Question 42

Immature Plasma Cell

Answer 42

Large cell with light blue cytoplasm, distinct nucleoli, fine chromatin Seen in Plasma Cell Leukemia

Question 43

Promonocyte

Answer 43

Smaller than monoblast, with less abundant cytoplasm, the nucleus is lobulated or delicately folded, chromatin is less condensed Seen in myelodysplastic syndromes

Question 44

Monoblast

Answer 44

Large cells, round to oval nuclei and abundant cytoplasm (more than a typical blast aka myeloblast), often see nucleoli Seen in myelodysplastic syndromes