Hematology Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
Site of hematopoiesis
A
yolk sac, liver, spleen, bone marrow
2
Q
Heme precusosrs
A
Succinyl CoA (TCA intermediate); Glycine
3
Q
Source of energy of RBC
A
Anaerobic glycolysis
4
Q
Vitamin B12 and folic acid deffeciency lead to
A
Megaloblastic anemia
5
Q
Last stage of RBC with nucleus
A
Orthochromatic erythroblast
6
Q
Immature RBCs, increases in hemolysis
A
Reticulocytes
7
Q
2 alpha, 2 beta chains
A
HbA
8
Q
2 alpha, 2 gamma chains
A
HbF
9
Q
Transfers iron in the blood
A
Transferrin
10
Q
Stores iron in the liver
A
Ferritin
11
Q
For additional iron storgae
A
Hemosiderin
12
Q
Granulocytes
A
Basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils
13
Q
Releases histamin and heparin, involved in allergies
A
Basophils
14
Q
Increases in allergies and parasitic invasions
A
eosinophils
15
Q
Involved in bacterial infections, lasts 8 hours
A
neutrophils
16
Q
Tissue macrophages
A
Bone: Osteoclasts Liver: Kupffer cells Skin: Langerhans cells CNS: Microglia Lungs: alveolar macrophages
17
Q
Derived from beak-up of megakaryocytes; lasts 7-10 days
A
platelets
18
Q
Requires glycoprotein 1b and VWF
A
platelet adhesion
19
Q
Requires glycoprotein IIB-IIIa and fibrinogen
A
platelet aggregation
20
Q
Secretes Ig
A
Plasma cells (derived from B cells)
21
Q
Primary response Ig; also, largest
A
IgM
22
Q
Ig in secondary response; also, smallest and can penetrate placenta
A
IgG
23
Q
Ig in secretions
A
IgA
24
Q
Ig in parasitic infections and allergies
A
IgE
25
MHC I, CD 8 is also known as
T-killer cell
26
MHC II, CD4 is also known as
T-helper cell
27
Abnormal azurophilic granules
Severe infection (toxic granules)
28
Patches of dilated endoplasmic reticulum that appear as sky blue cytoplasmic puddles
Severe infection (dohle bodies)
29
Distinctive needle-like azurophilic granules found in myeloblasts
AML (Auer rods)
30
Scattered macrophage with abundant wrinkled green blue cytoplasm
CML (sea blue histiocytes)
31
Small lymphocytes disrupted in the process of making smears
CLL (smidge cells)
32
Large cells with multiple nuclei or a single nucleus with multiple nuclear lobes
Hodgkin's lmphoma (reed sternberg cells)
33
Nuclear remnants are phagocytosed by interspersed macrophages with abundant clear cytoplasm
burkitt's lymphoma ( starry sky pattern)
34
Multi-lobulated nuclei
adult t-cell lymphoma (clover leaf cells)
35
Destructive plasma cell tumors involving axial skeleton
Multiple myeoloma (plasmacytoma)
36
Multiple nuclei, prominent nucleoli and cytoplasmic droplets containing Ig
Multiple myeloma (bizzare multinucleated cells)
37
Fiery red cytoplasm
Multiple myeloma (flame cells)
38
Pink globular cytoplasmic inclusions
Multiple myeloma (russel bodies)
39
blue globular nuclear inclusions
multiple myeloma (dutcher bodies)
40
M proteins causes RBCs in peripheral blood smear to sticl in linear arrays
Multiple myeloma (rouleaux formation)
41
erythroblasts with iron laden mitochondria visible as perinuclear granules
Sideroblastic anemia (ringed sideroblasts)
42
neutrophils with only 2 nuclear lobes
myelodysplastic syndrome (pseudo-pelger-huet cells)
43
megakaryocytes with single nuclear lobes or multiple separate nuclei
myelodysplastic syndrome (pawn-ball megakaryocytes)
44
Premature release of nucleated erythroid and early granulocyte progenitors
primary myelofibrosis (leukoerythroblastosis)
45
cells that were damaged during the burthing process in the fibrotic marrow
primary myelofibrosis (teardrop cells/dakrocytes)
46
pentalaminar tubules often with dilated terminal end
langerhans cell histocytosis (birbeck granules)
47
small yellow bronw or rust colored foci in the spleen
congestion of spleen (gandy gamna nodules)
48
Reed sternberg cells
hodgkin
49
associated with HIV and immunosuppresion
non hodgkin
50
extranodal involvment; noncontiguous spread
non hodgkin
51
low grade fever, night sweats, weight loss
hodgkin
52
EBV; bimodal distribution
hodgkin
53
most common type; lacunar variant RS cells
nodular sclerosis
54
Predominantly lymphocytic infiltrates; mononuclear variant RS cells
lymphocyte-rich
55
worst prognosis
lymphocyte-depleted
56
best prognosis
lymphocyte-rich
57
relatively good prognosis; popcorn cells
lymphocyte-predominant
58
triad of hemolytic anemia
pallor, jaunduce, splenomegaly
59
difference between intra and extravascular hemolysis
extravascular has splenomegaly
60
expected morphology on PBS for hemolytic anemia
normocytic normochromic
61
AD disorder caused by intrinsic defects in the red cell membrane causes MCHC
hereditary spherocytosis
62
x linked recessive; reduced ability of RBCs to protect against oxidative stress
G6PD
63
Intravascular hemolysis due to increased complement mediated RBC lysis
PNH
64
hemolytic anemia sin in DIC, TTP-HUS,b SLE, malignant HPN
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
65
Caused by trauma to RBCs in those with cardiac valve prosthesis
Macrioangiopathic hemolytic anemia
66
Intrinsic, extravascular hemolysis
spherocytosis, sickle cell, thalassemia
67
Intrinsic, intravascular hemolysis
G6PD, PNH
68
Extrinsic, intravascular
autoimmune hemolytic, micro and macrovascular hemolytic
69
Normal PC, BT, PT, PTT
Ehlers-Danlos
70
Decreased PC, Prolonged BT, Normal PT PTT
ITP; TTP; Bernard-Soulier
71
Normal PC, Proloned BT, Normal PT PTT
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
72
Normal PC, Prolonged BT, Normal PT, Prolonged PTT
Von Willibrand's disease
73
Normal PC, BT, PT, Proloned PTT
Hemophilia
74
Normal PC, BT, Prolonged PT, PTT
Vitamin K deffeciency
75
Decreased PC BT, Prolonged PT PTT
DIC
76
Impairment of DNA synthesis that leads to distinctive morphologic changes
Megaloblastic anemia
77
Microcytic hypochromic anemia; presents with koilonychia or pica
IDA
78
Most common cause of anemia in hospitalized patients
Anemia of chronic disease
79
Syndrome of chronic primary hematopioeitic failure and attendant pancytopenia
Aplastic anemia
80
Quarternary structure
Hemoglobin
81
Tertiary structure
Myoglobin
82
Binds to 4 O2 molecules
Hemoglobin
83
Binds to 1 O2 molecule
Myoglobin
84
binding of oxygen affected by chainge in PH and CO2
Hemoglobin
85
Binding not affected by PH and CO2 changes
Myoglobin
86
Sigmoidal curve
Hemoglobin
87
hyperbolic curve
Myoglobin
88
Most abundant in adults
Hgb A
89
Use to measure long term glucose levelsUsed to determine glucose by non-enzymatic addition of glucose to hemoglobin
Hba1C
90
Oxidation of the heme component of hemoglobin to iron which cannot bind to oxygen
Methemoglobin
91
Form of hemoglonin where CO binds tightly but reversibly
Carboxyhemoglobin
92
Tetramer consisting of 2 alpha and gamma chains
Fetal hemoglobin
93
Gamma tetramers in the neworns
HgB Barts
94
Small hyperchromic RBC lacking central pallor
Spehrocytes; Hereditiary spherocytosis
95
Small dark nuclear remnants present in RBCs of asplenic patients
Howell-jolly bodies; asplenia
96
Membrane bound percipitates on denatured globin chains
Heinz bodies; G6PD
97
RBCs with damaged membranes due to removal of heinz bodies by splenic macrophages
Bite cells; G6PD
98
RBCs shaped like curved blades
Sickle cell
99
Dehydated RBCs with bull's eye appearance
Target cells; Sickle cell and thalassemia
100
Fragmented RBCs aka helmet cells
Shistocytes; RBC trauma, DIC, HUS
101
RBC with spiles
Burr cells or echinocytes; RBC trauma
