Hematology

Question 1

What is a Neutrophil?

Answer 1

The phagocyte (has anti-microbials, most abundant)

Me always eating

Question 2

What is an Eosinophil?

Answer 2

The parasite destroyer, allergy inducer

teenager always destroyer and living from they parents

Question 3

What is a Basophil?

Answer 3

The allergy helper (IgE receptor so release histamine)

granma always helping

Question 4

What is a Monocyte?

Answer 4

The destroyer, MP (hydrolytic enzymes, coffee-bean nucleus)

kid always destroying

Question 5

What is a Lymphocyte?

Answer 5

The warrior (T, B, NK cell)

always figthing

Question 6

What is a Platelet?

Answer 6

The clotter (no nuclei, smallest cells)

Question 7

What is a Blast?

Answer 7

Baby hematopoietic cell

Question 8

What is a Band?

Answer 8

Baby neutrophil

Question 9

High WBC and high PMNs

Answer 9

Stress demargination

Question 10

High WBC and < 5% blast

Answer 10

Leukemoid reaction, seen in burns pts (extreme demargination looks like leukemia

Question 11

High WBC and > 5% blast

Answer 11

Leukemia

Question 12

High WBC and bands

Answer 12

Left shift that’s mean that have and infection

Question 13

High WBC and B cell

Answer 13

Bacterial infection

Question 14

What diseases have high Eosinophils?

Answer 14

NAACP

• Neoplasm
• Allergy/Asthma
• Addison’s disease (no cortisol so relative eosinophilia)
• Collagen vascular disease
• Parasites

Question 15

What diseases have high Monocytes (>15%)?

Answer 15

STELS

• Syphilis (chancre, rash, warts)
• TB (hemoptysis, night sweats)
• EBV (teenager sick for a month)
• Listeria (baby who is sick)
• Salmonella (food poisoning)

Question 16

High retics (>1%)

Answer 16

RBC being destroyer peripherally

Question 17

Low retis

Answer 17

Bone maro not working right (decrease production)

Question 18

What is Poikilocytosis

Answer 18

Different shapes

Question 19

What is Anisocytosis?

Answer 19

Different sizes

Question 20

What is te RBC lifespan?

Answer 20

120 days

Question 21

What is the platelet lifespan?

Answer 21

7 days

Question 22

What does -penia means?

Answer 22

low levels (usually due to virus or drugs)

Question 23

What does -cytosis means?

Answer 23

High levels

Question 24

What does -cythemia tell you?

Answer 24

High levels

Question 25

What is the differenc between plasma and serum?

Answer 25

Plasma is no RBC and serum is no RBC or fibrinogen

Question 26

What is Chronic Granulomatous Disease?

Answer 26

NADPH oxidase deficiency so recurrent infections with staph or aspergillus (nitroblue tetrazolium stain negative)

Question 27

What does MPO deficiency causes?

Answer 27

Catalase + infections

Question 28

What is Chediak Higashi?

Answer 28

Lazy lysosome syndrome Lysosomes are slow tu fuse around bacteria

Question 29

What organ can make RBCs of the long bone are damaged?

Answer 29

Spleen (splenomegaly)

Question 30

What causes a shift to the right in the Hb curve?

Answer 30

all CADETs face right/everithing up les pH * CO2 * Acid/Altitud * DPG 2,3 * Exercise * Temperature

Question 31

What does CO posion to the Hb?

Answer 31

Competitive inhibition od oxigen on Hb. Patientes with pinkish skin hue and cherry-red lips.

Question 32

How does Cyanide poison to the Hb?

Answer 32

Non competitive inhibitor of oxigen on Hb. The patient had almond breath

Question 33

What is MetHb?

Answer 33

Hb with Ferric (3+)

Question 34

What does a patient with Acute Intermitent Porphyria (AIP) had?

Answer 34

**NARUPE** * Neuropathy * Abdominal pain * Red urine * Urine s-ALA * Porphobilinogen * Elevation of porphyrin

Question 35

What is Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT) lession?

Answer 35

skin blisters with porphyrin deposits when is exposed to the sunlight, at wood's lamp las orange-pink. Old vampires

Question 36

What is Eritrocytic Protoporphyria?

Answer 36

PCT in a baby

Question 37

Sickle Cell Disease

Answer 37

Homozygous HbS (glu to val) Vaso-occlusion, necrosis, dactylitis (painful fingers/toes) at 6mo Protects agains malaria.

Question 38

Sickle cell train

Answer 38

Heterozygous HbS (glu to val) Painless hematuria, sickle with extreme hipoxia

Question 39

HbC disease

Answer 39

when beta fraccion had a glu to lys change they can charged but nos sickling

Question 40

Alpha-thalassemia

Answer 40

They had a losing alpha chain in Hb 1 deletion NORMAL 2 deletion trait: microcytic anemia 3 deletion ***_Hb H_*** (4 betas): hemolytic anemia 4 deletion ***_Hb Bart_*** (4 gammas): hydrops fetalis

Question 41

Beta-thalassemia

Answer 41

They has b chain loss 1 deletion/B minor: elevation in HbA2 and F 2 deletion/major, trait, intermedia: _only_ HbA2 and F they had hipoxia at 6 mo

Question 42

Cooley's anemia

Answer 42

Baby making blood from everywhere Sew with b-thalassemia major Not HbA so they had excess RBC production, frontal bossing, long extremities, hepatosplenomegaly

Question 43

Aplastic Crisis

Answer 43

Low retics

Question 44

Sequestration Crisis

Answer 44

High retics RBCs trapped in big spleen