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Pass Program > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Neutrophil?

A

The phagocyte (has anti-microbials, most abundant)

Me always eating

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2
Q

What is an Eosinophil?

A

The parasite destroyer, allergy inducer

teenager always destroyer and living from they parents

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3
Q

What is a Basophil?

A

The allergy helper (IgE receptor so release histamine)

granma always helping

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4
Q

What is a Monocyte?

A

The destroyer, MP (hydrolytic enzymes, coffee-bean nucleus)

kid always destroying

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5
Q

What is a Lymphocyte?

A

The warrior (T, B, NK cell)

always figthing

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6
Q

What is a Platelet?

A

The clotter (no nuclei, smallest cells)

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7
Q

What is a Blast?

A

Baby hematopoietic cell

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8
Q

What is a Band?

A

Baby neutrophil

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9
Q

High WBC and high PMNs

A

Stress demargination

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10
Q

High WBC and < 5% blast

A

Leukemoid reaction, seen in burns pts (extreme demargination looks like leukemia

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11
Q

High WBC and > 5% blast

A

Leukemia

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12
Q

High WBC and bands

A

Left shift that’s mean that have and infection

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13
Q

High WBC and B cell

A

Bacterial infection

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14
Q

What diseases have high Eosinophils?

A

NAACP

  • Neoplasm
  • Allergy/Asthma
  • Addison’s disease (no cortisol so relative eosinophilia)
  • Collagen vascular disease
  • Parasites
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15
Q

What diseases have high Monocytes (>15%)?

A

STELS

  • Syphilis (chancre, rash, warts)
  • TB (hemoptysis, night sweats)
  • EBV (teenager sick for a month)
  • Listeria (baby who is sick)
  • Salmonella (food poisoning)
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16
Q

High retics (>1%)

A

RBC being destroyer peripherally

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17
Q

Low retis

A

Bone maro not working right (decrease production)

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18
Q

What is Poikilocytosis

A

Different shapes

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19
Q

What is Anisocytosis?

A

Different sizes

20
Q

What is te RBC lifespan?

A

120 days

21
Q

What is the platelet lifespan?

A

7 days

22
Q

What does -penia means?

A

low levels (usually due to virus or drugs)

23
Q

What does -cytosis means?

A

High levels

24
Q

What does -cythemia tell you?

A

High levels

25
Q

What is the differenc between plasma and serum?

A

Plasma is no RBC and serum is no RBC or fibrinogen

26
Q

What is Chronic Granulomatous Disease?

A

NADPH oxidase deficiency so recurrent infections with staph or aspergillus (nitroblue tetrazolium stain negative)

27
Q

What does MPO deficiency causes?

A

Catalase + infections

28
Q

What is Chediak Higashi?

A

Lazy lysosome syndrome

Lysosomes are slow tu fuse around bacteria

29
Q

What organ can make RBCs of the long bone are damaged?

A

Spleen (splenomegaly)

30
Q

What causes a shift to the right in the Hb curve?

A

all CADETs face right/everithing up les pH

  • CO2
  • Acid/Altitud
  • DPG 2,3
  • Exercise
  • Temperature
31
Q

What does CO posion to the Hb?

A

Competitive inhibition od oxigen on Hb.

Patientes with pinkish skin hue and cherry-red lips.

32
Q

How does Cyanide poison to the Hb?

A

Non competitive inhibitor of oxigen on Hb.

The patient had almond breath

33
Q

What is MetHb?

A

Hb with Ferric (3+)

34
Q

What does a patient with Acute Intermitent Porphyria (AIP) had?

A

NARUPE

  • Neuropathy
  • Abdominal pain
  • Red urine
  • Urine s-ALA
  • Porphobilinogen
  • Elevation of porphyrin
35
Q

What is Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT) lession?

A

skin blisters with porphyrin deposits when is exposed to the sunlight,

at wood’s lamp las orange-pink.

Old vampires

36
Q

What is Eritrocytic Protoporphyria?

A

PCT in a baby

37
Q

Sickle Cell Disease

A

Homozygous HbS (glu to val)

Vaso-occlusion, necrosis, dactylitis (painful fingers/toes) at 6mo

Protects agains malaria.

38
Q

Sickle cell train

A

Heterozygous HbS (glu to val)

Painless hematuria, sickle with extreme hipoxia

39
Q

HbC disease

A

when beta fraccion had a glu to lys change

they can charged but nos sickling

40
Q

Alpha-thalassemia

A

They had a losing alpha chain in Hb

1 deletion NORMAL

2 deletion trait: microcytic anemia

3 deletion Hb H (4 betas): hemolytic anemia

4 deletion Hb Bart (4 gammas): hydrops fetalis

41
Q

Beta-thalassemia

A

They has b chain loss

1 deletion/B minor: elevation in HbA2 and F

2 deletion/major, trait, intermedia: only HbA2 and F they had hipoxia at 6 mo

42
Q

Cooley’s anemia

A

Baby making blood from everywhere

Sew with b-thalassemia major

Not HbA so they had excess RBC production, frontal bossing, long extremities, hepatosplenomegaly

43
Q

Aplastic Crisis

A

Low retics

44
Q

Sequestration Crisis

A

High retics

RBCs trapped in big spleen

45
Q
A

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