Hematology

Question 1

What are 4 antiseptic agents?

Answer 1

aspirin
Dipyridamole
Clopidogrel
Tirofiban

Question 2

What are 5 anticoagulants?

Answer 2

Heparin
Enoxaparin sodium
Warfarin sodium
Dabigatran etexilate
Rivaroxaban

Question 3

What causes glycoprotein IIb/IIIa to be exposed?

Answer 3

collagen allowing platelet aggregation and aggregation forming a clot

Question 4

What is the final step in Hemostasis and results in a meshwork of fibrin that traps blood cells?

Answer 4

Clotting

Question 5

What are the 3 major types of drugs to diminish thrombus formation?

Answer 5

Anticoagulants
platelet inhibitors
Thrombolytics

Question 6

What interferes with fibrin formation and are used to prevent thrombus development and extension?

Answer 6

Anticoagulants

Question 7

What is the site of formation of clotting factors?

Answer 7

Liver

Question 8

What is the site of production of bile salts that facilitate the absorption of vitamin K and aid in the production of clotting factors II,VII, IX, and X?

Answer 8

Liver

Question 9

What are two major anticoagulants?

Answer 9

Heparin

Warfarin

Question 10

What is the main complication of anticoagulants?

Answer 10

Bleeding

Question 11

What anticoagulant is a large, endogenous, sulfated glycosaminoglycan found in mast cells?

Answer 11

Heparin

Question 12

What does Heparin bind to?

Answer 12

Antithrombin III

Question 13

What does antithrombin III inhibit?

Answer 13

Thrombin factor 2 and Xa

Question 14

How must Heparin be administered and why?

Answer 14

parenterally due to large molecular size

Question 15

T/F: When heparin binds to plasma proteins it can not bind to antithrombin III

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What anticoagulant is needed when a rapid effect is desired?

Answer 16

Heparin

Question 17

What is the antidote to Heparin?

Answer 17

protamine sulfate (interferes with heparin’s ability to bind to antithrombin III)

Question 18

What is Heparin derived from?

Answer 18

Animal sources

Question 19

What is used to monitor Heparin’s efficacy?

Answer 19

Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

Question 20

What drug is Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH)?

Answer 20

Enoxaparin

Question 21

What is affected more with LMWH?

Answer 21

Factor Xa

Question 22

What drugs directly bind to the active site of thrombin, inhibiting its effects on fibrinogen?

Answer 22

Direct Thrombin Inhibitor

Question 23

What Direct Thrombin Inhibitor inhibits coagulation by preventing thrombin mediated effects binds and inactivates both free and fibrin bound thrombin?

Answer 23

Dabigatran Etexilate

Question 24

What is an alternative to warfarin in patients with Afib?

Answer 24

Dabigatran

Question 25

What Inhibits the active site of factor Xa?

Answer 25

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

Question 26

What Vitamin K Antagonist inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S?

Answer 26

Warfarin

Question 27

How long is the therapeutic effect delayed for with Warfarin?

Answer 27

4-5 days

Question 28

What food increases warfarin’s anticoagulant actions?

Answer 28

Garlic, Ginger, and Ginkgo biloba

Question 29

What is the gold standard for monitoring warfarin?

Answer 29

INR

Question 30

What is a sufficient INR?

Answer 30

2-3

Question 31

How do anti-platelet drugs inhibit platelet aggregation?

Answer 31

Inhibition of Thromboxane (TXA2) synthesis Inhibition of phosphodiasterase and activation of adenylate cyclase Inhibition of adenosine (ADP) binding Antagonism of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor

Question 32

What does Aspirin irreversibly acetylate?

Answer 32

cyclooxygenase 1 (Cox1)

Question 33

What does an increase in adenylate cyclase leads to? | Inhibition of phosphodiasterase?

Answer 33

Increase adenylate cyclase: rise in cAMP that blocks TXA2 production Inhibit phosphodiesterase: same thing

Question 34

What drug inhibits phosphodiesterase?

Answer 34

Dipyridamole

Question 35

What drug inhibits platelet aggregation and binds to the platelet P2RY12 receptor?

Answer 35

Clopidogrel

Question 36

What drug is a reversible antagonist of fibrinogen?

Answer 36

Tirofiban

Question 37

What Salicylate's main effect is blockade of thromboxane A2 production from arachidonic acid in platelets, by irreversibly acetylating the enzyme cyclooxygenase, the rate limiting step in thromboxane synthesis?

Answer 37

Aspirin

Question 38

Aspirin inhibits production of prostacyclin from what?

Answer 38

endothelial cells

Question 39

What adverse drug reaction does aspirin cause?

Answer 39

Abdominal discomfort

Question 40

What drug is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and is used for post-op thromboembolic complications and to prevent cerebrovascular ischemia?

Answer 40

Dipyridamole

Question 41

What drug is a Adenosine Diphosphate inhibitor that irreversibly blocks the ADP receptor on platelets, thus reducing platelet aggregation?

Answer 41

Clopidogrel

Question 42

What drug is the main alternatives to Aspirin for preventing thrombotic events in atherogenic patients with recent myocardial infarctions, strokes, transient ischemic attacks, and unstable angina?

Answer 42

Clopidogrel

Question 43

What must Clopidogrel be activated by?

Answer 43

CYP450

Question 44

What drugs prevent fibrinogen from interacting with the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation?

Answer 44

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

Question 45

Give an example of a Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitor?

Answer 45

Tirofiban

Question 46

What kind of drugs are a major defense mechanism to localize clot formation and may restore vessel patency and flow?

Answer 46

Fibrinolytics

Question 47

What are the most important fibrinolytics?

Answer 47

tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and pro-urokinase

Question 48

What dissolves existing thrombi through activation of plasminogen activators and is used when rapid dissolution of a clot is required to preserve organ and limb function or valve function of veins?

Answer 48

Thrombolytics