Hematology & Immunology

Question 1

Fluid Portion of the Blood (approx 55% of the Blood);

This suspends various protein

Answer 1

Plasma

Question 2

A Function of Albumin

Answer 2

Maintains Oncotic Pressure;
If blood has low OP, fluid will leak to inappropriate areas

Question 3

The Cellular Component of the Blood

Answer 3

RBCs (erythrocyte - 45% of the Blood)
WBCs (leukocyte - buffy coat + platelets)
Platelets (thrombocytes - fragments of megakaryocytes)

Question 4

Lifespan of Platelts

Answer 4

10 days

Question 5

Lifespan of RBCs

Answer 5

120 days

Question 6

A complex process of the formation and maturation of blood cells

Answer 6

Hematopoiesis

Question 7

The balance between CLOT (Thrombus) FORMATION and CLOT DISSOLUTION or Fibrinolysis

Answer 7

Hemostasis in the Blood

Question 8

Two Types of Bone Marrow

Answer 8

Red & Yellow BM

Question 9

Site of Hematopoiesis

Answer 9

Red Bone Marrow

Question 10

Other sites of Hematopoiesis BEFORE BIRTH

Answer 10

Liver, Spleen, Thymus, Lymph Nodes of a Fetus

Question 11

Also known as Fat Cells

Answer 11

Yellow Bone Marrow

Question 12

It can turn into Red Bone Marrow in response to Emergency Cases

Answer 12

Yellow Bone Marrow

Question 13

Known as “Mother Stem Cells” in the Red Bone Marrow

Answer 13

Pluripotent Stem Cells

Question 14

These differentiate into Myeloid Stem Cell and Lymphoid Stem Cell

Answer 14

Pluripotent Stem Cells

Question 15

Contains the Oxygen-Carrying Protein in the RBC

Answer 15

Hemoglobin

Question 16

It contains a pigment that gives whole blood its red color

Answer 16

Hemoglobin

Question 17

Composed of 1 globin (protein/polypeptide chain)
and 4 heme (ring like nonprotein pigment ring with an Iron ion)

Answer 17

Hemoglobin

Question 18

O2 molecule binds with ___ and CO2 binds with ___

Answer 18

O2 - Iron
CO2 - globin

Question 19

Refers to the percentage of Total Blood Volume occupied by RBCs

Answer 19

Hematocrit

Question 20

It can affect production of Erythropoietin

Answer 20

Testosterone

Question 21

The reason why Males have higher Hct levels than Females

Answer 21

Testosterone

Question 22

Low Hct can indicate what

Answer 22

Anemia

Question 23

High levels of Hct

Answer 23

Polycythemia

Question 24

The reason why the shape of RBCs is as it is

Answer 24

No Nucleus and they cannot repair themselves

Question 25

The rate of RBC formation by RBM equals the rate of RBC destruction by Macrophages

Answer 25

Erythropoiesis

Question 26

Gives the color of the Feces

Answer 26

Stercobilin

Question 27

Gives color to the Urine

Answer 27

Urobilin

Question 28

Increased WBC

Answer 28

Leukocytosis

Question 29

Use of Erythropoietin of Athletes; Hormones released by kidneys for Blood Production

Answer 29

Blood Doping (Peptides)

Question 30

Decreased WBC

Answer 30

Leukopenia

Question 31

Normal Range Values of WBC

Answer 31

5000-10,000

Question 32

Normal Range of Platelets

Answer 32

150,000 - 400,000 platelets; Granules contain chemicals that once released, promotes Clotting

Question 33

A sequence of responses that stops bleeding/hemorrhage

Answer 33

Hemostasis regarding Platelets “Clotting Cascade”

Question 34

Hemostasis involving Platelets “Clotting Cascade”

Answer 34

1. Vascular Spasm 2. Platelet Plug Formation 3. Coagulation

Question 35

= cessation of bleeding

Answer 35

Hemostasis

Question 36

When bleeding occurs, blood needs to ______ to slow/stop; means clotting or coagulation)

Answer 36

Thicken, because remains relatively thin

Question 37

Known as Factor I in the ClottingCascade

Answer 37

Fibrinogen

Question 38

Activated factor I is aka

Answer 38

Fibrin - Fibrin Strands - Fibrin Mesh

Question 39

Aka Factor II

Answer 39

Prothrombin

Question 40

Activated Factor II that binds with ionized calcium (Ca++) to form Fibrin

Answer 40

Thrombin

Question 41

Known as Tissue Factor Pathway (Tissue Thromboplastin) activated by damage/injury to the Tissues

Answer 41

Extrinsic Pathway

Question 44

Excessive use of Erythropoietin can lead to formation of what; its can also increase heart pumping (overworked heart muscles)

Answer 44

Blood Clots - Blood Doping

Question 45

Helps in increasing rate of Erythropoiesis

Answer 45

High Altitude / Mountain range TRAINING due to low concentration of O2

Question 46

A special organ in a fluid state

Answer 46

Blood

Question 47

Marrow Activity located where

Answer 47

Pelvis Ribs Vertebrae Sternum