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Hematology Rotation Final Flashcards

1
Q

Myeloblasts are MPO (pos/neg)

A

POS

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2
Q

MPO positive for?

A

Myeloblasts

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3
Q

True/False: PLT estimate with differential is not necessary if there was no PLT flag.

A

FALSE
Always do PLT estimate with manual differential

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4
Q

T/F: HJ and Pappenheimer bodies are stained with Wright

A

True

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5
Q

HLL is tartrate resistant T/F

A

TRUE

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6
Q

T/F: Methanol is used as a fixative

A

True

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7
Q

What cells are CD3+

A

All T cells

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8
Q

What cells are CD4+

A

T helper cells

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9
Q

What cells are CD8+

A

Cytotoxic T cells/suppressor cells

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10
Q

What cells are CD19+

A

B cells

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11
Q

What cells are CD34+

A

Blasts

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12
Q

What cells are CD45+

A

WBCs (Grans, monos, lymphs)

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13
Q

What cells are CD56+

A

NK cells

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14
Q

What is basophilic stippling made of?

A

RNA

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15
Q

What are pappenheimer bodies made of?

A

Iron

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16
Q

What are Howell-Jolly bodies made of?

A

DNA

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17
Q

What are Heinz bodies made of and what stain must you use to see them?

A

denatured hemoglobin; new methylene blue

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18
Q

What deficiency leads to pernicious anemia?

A

Vitamin B12

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19
Q

Oxalo acetate buffer lyses ______ in phase platelet counting.

A

RBCs

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20
Q

Atypical/reactive lymphs are indicative of? What do they look like?

A

Viral infection
- irregular nucleus, basophilic cytoplasm that take the shape of the surrounding RBCs, large

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21
Q

What RBC morphology are you expected to see in a patient with myelofibrosis?

A

Tear drop cells

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22
Q

What can cause eosinophilia?

A

Parasitic infection
Allergic rxn
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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23
Q

TRAP positive = ?

A

Hairy cell leukemia

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24
Q

What is expected to be seen in the peripheral smear of someone with pernicious anemia?

A

Hypersegmented neutrophils
Oval macrocytes
HJ bodies

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25
Anisocytosis?
Differing size of cells
26
Poikilocytosis
Differing shape of cells
27
Transudate appearance
straw yellow, clear, no clots
28
Exudate appearance
red/pink/green/yellow, cloudy, clotted
29
Disease processes that elevate ESR?
anemia and leukemia
30
95% of CML patients have what?
Philadelphia chromosome
31
Which sysmex indices reports in percent?
MCHC
32
What does PLT clumping indicate?
Elevated WBC count
33
What should be done to fix PLT clumping?
Redraw in sodium citrate tube, compare with EDTA tube results
34
What is the blue reticulum found inside of reticulocytes?
RNA
35
What is the order of RBC maturation?
Pronormoblast Basophilic normoblast Polychromatic normoblast Orthochromatic normoblast Reticulocyte Erythrocyte
36
Which stage of the RBC is the last go undergo mitosis?
Polychromatic normoblast
37
Which stage of the RBC is the last to have a nucleus?
Orthochromatic normoblast
38
Reference range for MCHC
29-37.5
39
What does an increased MCHC indiciate?
Spherocytes in peripheral smear, cold agglutinins, hemolyzed/icteric/lipemic Abnormal electrolytes
40
What to do if MCHC <29?
Check chem results to see if they are abnormal or normal. If abnormal, run 1:5 dilution.
41
What to do if MCHC >37.5?
Turbidity flag Warm in water bath If still high, 1:5 dilution If still high, spun crit
42
How to calculate absolute eosinophils
eos x WBC / 100
43
Forward vs side scatter
Forward: size of cell Side: complexity/granularity
44
What is the pink slide for in hematology?
PLT <100
45
What to do if MCV delta flags?
Take to blood bank to see if they have a blood type on file or if recently transfused
46
Transudate associated diseases
Systemic, outside body cavity (CHF)
47
Exudate associated diseases
More cells, inside body cavity (Inflammation/malignancy)
48
MSU crystals and associated disease
GOUT Yellow horizontal, blue vertical Needle-like crystals
49
CPPD crystals and associated disease
PSEUDOGOUT Blue horizontal, yellow vertical Rhomboid/square crystals
50
When would you make a cytospin for a body fluid?
WBC count CSF >5 WBC count >20 for other body fluids
51
What disease is associated with urine eosinophils?
Interstitial nephritis
52
Tech must count ____ cells in a bone marrow exam.
250
53
High HCT associated with?
Polycythemia vera
54
Low HCT associated with>
Anemia
55
What will be seen in a peripheral smear for multiple myeloma patient?
Rouleaux and plasma cells
56
What will be seen in a peripheral smear for a patient with myelofibroma?
Tear drop cells, shift to the left seeing immature granulocytes and nRBCs
57
What will be seen in a peripheral smear for a patient with sickle cell anemia?
Sickle cells, schistocytes, target cells
58
What will be seen in a peripheral smear for a patient with a thalassemia?
Hypochromic, microcytic RBCs, no immature cells, but LOTS of poikilocytosis (tear drops!!)
59
What will be seen in a peripheral smear for a patient with IDA?
Microcytic, hypochromic RBCs No poikilocytes (normal morphology)
60
What will be seen in a peripheral smear for a patient with G6PD deficiency?
Blister cells
61
What will be seen in a peripheral smear for a patient with sickle cell anemia, not in a current crisis?
Target cells
62
What will be seen in a peripheral smear for a patient with megaloblastic anemia?
Oval macrocytes Hypersegmented neutrophils HJ bodies
63
What will be seen in a peripheral smear for someone with CLL?
Smudge cells Lots of lymphs
64
What will be seen in a peripheral smear for someone with acute leukemia?
>20% blasts If auer rods present = AML If no auer rods, cannot tell whether its AML or ALL
65
Increased lymphocytes + reactive lymphs = ?
Viral infection
66
Increased neutrophils with toxic granulation, dohle bodies, and vacuoles = ?
Bacterial infection
67
Acute vs chronic leukemia Myeloid vs lymphoid leukemia
Acute = >20% blasts Chronic = more myelocytes Myeloid = auer rods present Lymphoid = most all lymphs
68
What will you see in the peripheral smear of someone with Pelger-Huet Anomaly?
Neutrophils with 2 segments (eyeglasses)
69
What will you see in the peripheral smear of someone with Hairy cell leukemia?
Cytoplasmic projections Low WBC TRAP positive
70
What will you see in the peripheral smear of someone with hemoglobin C?
HGB C crystals (washington monument) Target cells
71
How to perform PLT estimate for unknown
Count 8-10 fields near feathered edge Average and multiply by 1.5, add zeros
72
What squares/how many are counted for a BF count?
Large middle square and four corner squares on each side of the hemacytometer making 10 squares total counted
73
Mesothelial cells
Line serous cavities May be seen in BF, normal in small amounts, have fried egg appearance with hairy edges Include in 100 cell BF diff
74
If the blood smear color is too pink, the stain is too....?
Acidic
75
If the blood smear color is too blue, the stain is too....?
Basic
76
Critical HGB
<7
77
Critical HCT
>55
78
Critical WBC
>50
79
Critical PLT
<20
80
What are the 3 principles of the Sysmex?
Hydrodynamic focusing Flow cytometry SLS-HGB
81
A synovial fluid is yellow, has high viscosity, and the WBC count was ~1000. What classification does it fall under?
Group I noninflammatory
82
A synovial fluid is yellow-green, with a 100,000 WBC count and a positive culture. What group does it fall under?
Group III septic
83
A synovial fluid is red with a 5,000 WBC count. What group does it fall under?
Group IV hemorrhagic

Hematology (10 decks)

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