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Pathology Final > Hematopathology > Flashcards

Hematopathology Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

maturation delay

neutrophil hypersegmentation

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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2
Q

Pernicious Anemia

Folate Deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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3
Q

Symptoms: Neurological, poor balance, problems w/ stereognosis
Diagnosis: schiling test
Treatment: B12 therapy (GI problem- injections)

A

Pernicious Anemia

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4
Q

T/F - Humans can make folic acid.

A

False - Have to get folic acid through diet

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5
Q

Symptoms: NO neurological symptoms
Diagnosis: obtain folic acid levels
Treatment: folate therapy

A

Folate deficiency

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6
Q

What is the importance of the reticuloendothelial system (RES)?

A
  • spleen is a major repository of mononuclear phagocytic cells
  • recycling center for red blood cell constituents (iron)
  • filtration of unwanted elements from the blood by phagocytosis
  • major secondary organ in the immune system
  • source of lymphoreticular cells and sometimes hematopoietic cells
  • reserve pool and storage site of platelets, RBCs, and leukocytes
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7
Q
  • Premature destruction of red cells
  • accumulation of products of hemoglobin catabolism
  • compensatory increase in erythropoiesis w/n bone marrow
A

Hemolytic Anemias

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8
Q

Manifestations: hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, methmalbuminemia, jaundice, hemosiderinuria, and decrease in serum hepatoglobin

A

Intravascular hemolysis

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9
Q

Damage to red cells by mechanical, immune or toxic factors

A

Intravascular hemolysis

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10
Q

Occurs whenever red cells are injured, rendered foreign or become less deformable and are sequestered by the spleen for destruction

A

Extravascular hemolysis

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11
Q

Manifestations: Anemia, Jaundice, decrease in serum haptoglobin

A

Extravascular hemolysis

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12
Q

What are some RBC disorders associated with hemolysis?

A

Enzyme deficiency: glu-6-P dh deficiency

Hemoglobinopathies: sickle cell and thalassemia

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13
Q

most lymphoid neoplasmas are of _________ origin

A

B cell

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14
Q

T/F - all lymphoid neoplasms are moncolonal

A

True

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15
Q

Is tissue required to diagnose neoplastic proliferations of white cells?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What is the most common cancer of children?

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL)

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17
Q

What ethnicities are affected most in Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma ALL?

A

3xs more common in whites than blacks
boys more common than girls
Hispanics have the highest incidence

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18
Q

At what age does the incidence of Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma occur?

A

Age 3

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19
Q

The majority of all Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphomas are of what cell origin?

A

pre-B cell origin

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20
Q

What is the morphology of Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma?

A

Hypercellular bone marrow packed with lymphoblasts

35% blast cells in marrow or circulation

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21
Q

What ate the symptoms of Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma?

A

anemia, fatigue, fever and infection

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22
Q

What is the difference between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic leukemia (SLL)?

A

Differ only in degree of peripheral lymphocytosis

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23
Q

What is the most common leukemia in adults in the western world?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic leukemia

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24
Q

Tumor cells of this disease express CD19, CD20 and CD5. What disease is it?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic leukemia

CD5 - (T cell marker only on small subset of B cells, large #s raise suspicion of malignant process)

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25
What are two of the most common inherited disorders of bleeding ?
Hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease
26
What is the major source of vWF?
epithelial cells
27
What is the major source of factor VIII?
hepatocytes
28
What is the most important function of vWF?
adhesion of platelets to subendothelial collagen
29
What is believed to be most common bleeding disease?
vWFd
30
A test reveals prolonged bleeding time with normal platelet counts. What disease is it?
vWFd
31
A test reveals prolonged PTT with normal PT, bleeding time and platelet counts. What disease is it?
Either Hemophilia A or B Both are clinically indistinguishable
32
WHat is the most common hereditary disease with serious bleeding?
Hemophilia A
33
Hemophilia A is a mutation of what gene?
FVIII gene
34
Hemophilia B is a mutation of what gene?
FIX gene
35
Decreased ferritin | Increased total iron binding capacity
Iron deficiency Anemia
36
Neutrophil hypersegmentation
Megaloblastic anemia
37
Neurological problems Poor balance Diagnosis: Schilling test
Pernicious anemia
38
No neurologic symptoms | Diagnosis: folic acid levels
Folic acid therapy
39
``` Hemoglobinemia Hemoglobinuria Mathemalbuminemia Jaundice Hemosiderinuria Decrease in serum haptoglobin ```
Intravascular hemolysis
40
Anemia Jaundice Decrease in serum haptoglobin
Extravascular hemolysis
41
A patient with sickle cell anemia may develop anaplastic anemia due to _______________ infection.
Parvo B19 infection
42
What is needed for the diagnosis for sickle cell and/or thalassemia?
Hgb electrophoresis
43
Characterized by a lack of or decreased synthesis of either alpha or beta globin chain of HbA
Thalassemia
44
Anisocytosis RBCs are microcytic and hypochromic fragmented and stippled Elevated reticulocyte count
Beta thalassemia major
45
Target cell | Bone pain due to expansion of marrow cavity
Beta thalassemia
46
Defect in the red cell membrane that renders erythrocytes sperical, less deformable, and vulnerable to splenic sequestration and destruction
Hereditary spherocytosis
47
Deficiency of spectrin - leading to reduced membrane stability and loss of membrane fragments
Hereditary spherocytosis
48
When red cell progenitors are normal but proliferate in response to increased levels of erythropoietin. Seen with lung disease, high altitude livingt, and cyanotic heart disease
Secondary absolute polycythemia
49
Test to asses platelet response
Bleeding time
50
What is the normal PT?
10-13 seconds
51
What is the normal PTT?
20-34 seconds
52
Adhesion of platelets to subendothelial collagen is the action of ______.
vWF
53
Prolonged bleeding time with prolonged PTT
vWFd
54
Prolonged PTT, normal PT, bleeding time and platelet counts
Hemophilia A or B
55
Involvement of bone marrow - blast cells | Peripheral blood
Leukemia
56
Most common cancer of children 3xs more common in whites than blacks More common in boys than girls Majority of tumors are Pre-B cell tumors
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
57
Poor prognosis of child with ALL involves the presence of what mutation?
t(9;22) the philadelphia chromosome
58
Synthesis of kappa and lambda chains
CLL
59
CD5 marker - abnormal
CLL
60
Transformation to diffuse large B cell lymphoma so called Richter syndrome
CLL
61
IL6 proliferation - osteoclastic activating factor that mediates bone destruction
Multiple myeloma
62
Kappa light chain - bence jones proteinuria
Multiple myeloma
63
Translocation involving the BCR gene on chromosome 9 and the ABL gene on chromosome 22 - resultant is BCR-ABL fusion gene
chronic myelogenous leukemia - CML
64
A distinctive tumor giant cell known as the Reed-sternberg cells is considered to be the true neoplastic element
Hodgkin disease

Pathology Final (2 decks)

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