Hematopoesis

Question 1

Hematopoiesis is what and occures where?

Answer 1

Formation of all blood cells

Occur in the bone marrow

Question 2

Erythrocytes are what?

Answer 2

RBC

Question 3

Trombocytes are what?

Answer 3

platelets

Question 4

Leukocytes are what?

Answer 4

White blood cells
-myeloid cells
-lymphocytes
Need to keep the one there that needs to continue to make daughter cells so you can have them throughout your life

Question 5

What week of gestation do we make red blood cells?

Answer 5

5th week

Question 6

What continues to make these blood cells in the fetus?

Answer 6

liver and spleen

Question 7

What about after you are born for making bloods cells?

Answer 7

bone marrow

Question 8

Where is the red marrow generally confined to in an adult?

3

Answer 8

pelvis ribs and sternum

Question 9

Why are RBC donut shaped?

Answer 9

increase surface area for carrying oxygen

Question 10

Thrombocyte is oddly shaped why?

Answer 10

to latch on to stuff

Question 11

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells develop into what?

5

Answer 11

Erythroblast
Myeloblast
Monoblast
Lymphoblast
Megakaryoblast

Question 12

What path does the Eryrthoblast follow and what does it become?

Answer 12

Erythroid pathway)

Mature into Erythrocytes

Question 13

What path does the myeloblast, monoblast, and lymphoblast follow and what do they mature into?

Answer 13

(Leukocyte pathway)

Mature into granulocyte, monocyte, lymphocyte

Question 14

What path does the megakaryoblast follow and what does it mature into?

Answer 14

(thrombocyte pathway)

Mature into megakaryocyte, then thrombocyte

Question 15

How does growth factor regulate blood cells?
What are examples?
2

Answer 15

A protein capable of stimulating cellular proliferation and cellular differentiation
Examples: cytokines and hormones

Question 16

What is cytokine associated with historically?

2

Answer 16

hematopoietic cells and immune system cells.

Question 17

Abbreviations to remember?
Tpo
GM-CSF
Epo
G-CSF

Answer 17

1. Thrombopoietin
2. Granulocyte Macrophage-colony stimulating factor
3. Erythropoietin
4. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor

Question 18

Other abbreviations to be familiar with?
SCF
IL
M-CSF
SDF-1
FLT-3 ligand
TNF-a
TGFb(beta)

Answer 18

SCF= Stem Cell Factor
IL= Interleukin
M-CSF= Macrophage-colony stimulating factor
SDF-1= Stromal cell-derived factor-1
FLT-3 ligand= FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand
TNF-a = Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TGFβ = Transforming growth factor beta

Question 19

What is thrombopoietin?

Answer 19

myeloid progenitor cells differentiate to megakaryocytes (thrombocyte-forming cells)

platelets

Question 20

What is erythropoietin?

Where is it produced?

Answer 20

Regulates maturation from a myeloid progenitor cell (erythroid precursor) to become an erythrocyte

Produced in the kidneys (Renal Medulla)

Question 21

Why is Erythropoietin produced in the kidney?

3

Answer 21

1. Operates at low-oxygen tension and participate in the blood filtration
2. Sensing and regulating the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
3. Reduced (or increased) oxygen in the blood
   - -increased (reduced) erythropoietin
   - -Increased (reduced) erythrocytes in the bone marrow

Is able to read how the blood is regulated so thats why its produced there

Question 22

Function of G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, GCSF, or CSF-3) ?

Answer 22

1. Involved in proliferation and maturation of granulocytes, neutrophils and stems cells
2. Stimulate the production of leukocytes

Question 23

What leukocytes does G-CSF stimulate specifically?

3

Answer 23

Stimulate to produce granulocyte and stem cells in the bone marrow
Stimulate survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function of neutrophil precursors and mature neutrophils

1. granulocytes
2. stem cells
3. neutrophils

Question 24

What kind of infection is G-CSF specifically needed in?

Answer 24

bacterial

Question 25

What is GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) ?

Answer 25

Cytokine that functions as a white blood cell growth factor.

Question 26

Whats the clinical significance of GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)?

Answer 26

Medication to stimulate the production of white blood cells following chemotherapy.

Question 27

What stimulates the immune/inflammatory cascade? Describe the steps in the cascade 3

Answer 27

GM-CSF 1. GM-CSF stimulates stem cells to produce granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and monocytes. 2. Monocytes, then, mature into macrophages. 3. Activation of a small number of macrophages can rapidly lead to an increase in their numbers, a process crucial for fighting infection.

Question 28

What are the two components of blood tissue?

Answer 28

Formed elements and plasma

Question 29

What makes up the formed elements of blood tissue? | 3

Answer 29

Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Question 30

What makes up the plasma portion of blood tissue? | 3

Answer 30

aqueous medium, containing proteins, small molecules, and ions

Question 31

What are erythrocytes missing? | 3

Answer 31

No nucleous, No mitochondria, no ribosomes

Question 32

What is the size and frequency of RBCs in the body?

Answer 32

Small cells Diameters: 6.5-8 um 4-6 million cells/uL

Question 33

What are the size and frequency of leukocytes in the body?

Answer 33

Larger Diameters: 12-15 um Less abundant: 4000-10,000 cells/uL

Question 34

Describe platelets | 3

Answer 34

small 150,000-450,000 cells/uL (more than leukocytes; less than erythrocytes) No nucleus

Question 35

Whats the difference b/w GM-CSF and G-CSF?

Answer 35

GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor): - stimulates production of granulocytes (mostly neutrophils) and monocytes/macrophages - used clinically to improve regeneration of these cells after bone marrow transplant G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor): - stimulates production of granulocytes (mostly neutrophils) - used clinically to prevent infections in pts who have received chemo