Hematopoexis

Question 1

What is the starting cell for hematopoiesis?

Answer 1

Stem cell. It differentiates into all blood cell types: RBCs, WBCs (granulocytes and agranulocytes), and platelets.

Question 2

What are the two main lineages the stem cell differentiates into?

Answer 2

Myeloid lineage (produces RBCs, platelets, granulocytes, and monocytes) and lymphoid lineage (produces lymphocytes).

Question 3

What is the first cell in the RBC lineage from the stem cell?

Answer 3

Proerythroblast. It comes from the stem cell via the myeloid lineage.

Question 4

What are the stages of RBC development after proerythroblast?

Answer 4

Proerythroblast → Early erythroblast → Intermediate erythroblast → Late erythroblast → Nucleus extruded → Reticulocyte → Red blood cell.

Question 5

What is the final mature cell in the RBC lineage?

Answer 5

Red blood cell (RBC). It is anucleate and carries oxygen.

Question 6

What is the first cell in the platelet lineage from the stem cell?

Answer 6

Megakaryoblast. It comes from the stem cell via the myeloid lineage.

Question 7

What are the stages of platelet development after megakaryoblast?

Answer 7

Megakaryoblast → Megakaryocyte → Megakaryocyte breakup → Platelets.

Question 8

What is the final mature cell in the platelet lineage?

Answer 8

Platelets. They are cell fragments involved in clotting.

Question 9

What is the first cell in the myeloid lineage leading to granulocytes and monocytes?

Answer 9

Myeloblast. It comes directly from the stem cell.

Question 10

What cell follows the myeloblast in the myeloid lineage?

Answer 10

Progranulocyte. It differentiates into basophilic, eosinophilic, and neutrophilic myelocytes.

Question 11

What are the three types of myelocytes in the myeloid lineage?

Answer 11

Basophilic myelocyte, Eosinophilic myelocyte, and Neutrophilic myelocyte. They develop into basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils, respectively.

Question 12

What are the stages of basophil development in the myeloid lineage?

Answer 12

Myeloblast → Progranulocyte → Basophilic myelocyte → Basophil.

Question 13

What are the stages of eosinophil development in the myeloid lineage?

Answer 13

Myeloblast → Progranulocyte → Eosinophilic myelocyte → Eosinophil.

Question 14

What are the stages of neutrophil development in the myeloid lineage?

Answer 14

Myeloblast → Progranulocyte → Neutrophilic myelocyte → Neutrophilic band cell → Neutrophil.

Question 15

What is a neutrophilic band cell in the myeloid lineage?

Answer 15

An immature neutrophil with a U-shaped nucleus, just before maturing into a neutrophil with a segmented nucleus.

Question 16

What are granulocytes in the context of hematopoiesis?

Answer 16

Granulocytes are WBCs with granules: Basophils, Eosinophils, and Neutrophils. They all come from the myeloid lineage.

Question 17

What is the role of basophils in the myeloid lineage?

Answer 17

Basophils release histamine and are involved in allergic responses. They come from basophilic myelocytes.

Question 18

What is the role of eosinophils in the myeloid lineage?

Answer 18

Eosinophils combat parasitic infections and are involved in allergic responses. They come from eosinophilic myelocytes.

Question 19

What is the role of neutrophils in the myeloid lineage?

Answer 19

Neutrophils are the most abundant WBCs and fight bacterial infections through phagocytosis. They come from neutrophilic myelocytes.

Question 20

What is the first cell in the monocyte lineage from the stem cell?

Answer 20

Monoblast. It comes from the stem cell via the myeloid lineage.

Question 21

What are the stages of monocyte development in the myeloid lineage?

Answer 21

Monoblast → Monocyte.

Question 22

What is the final mature cell in the monocyte lineage?

Answer 22

Monocyte. It can further differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells in tissues.

Question 23

What are agranulocytes in the context of hematopoiesis?

Answer 23

Agranulocytes are WBCs without granules: Lymphocytes (from the lymphoid lineage) and Monocytes (from the myeloid lineage).

Question 24

What is the first cell in the lymphoid lineage from the stem cell?

Answer 24

Lymphoblast. It comes directly from the stem cell.

Question 25

What are the stages of lymphocyte development in the lymphoid lineage?

Answer 25

Lymphoblast → Lymphocyte.

Question 26

What is the final mature cell in the lymphoid lineage?

Answer 26

Lymphocyte. It includes B cells, T cells, and NK cells, involved in immune responses.

Question 27

What lineage does the megakaryocyte belong to?

Answer 27

Myeloid lineage. It develops from the megakaryoblast and breaks up into platelets.

Question 28

Which cells in hematopoiesis are part of the myeloid lineage?

Answer 28

RBCs (via proerythroblast), Platelets (via megakaryoblast), Granulocytes (basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils via myeloblast), and Monocytes (via monoblast).

Question 29

Which cells in hematopoiesis are part of the lymphoid lineage?

Answer 29

Lymphocytes (via lymphoblast). They are the only cells in this lineage.

Question 30

What is the key difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes in hematopoiesis?

Answer 30

Gran complicadoocytes (basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils) have granules and come from the myeloid lineage; agranulocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes) lack granules, with lymphocytes from the lymphoid lineage and monocytes from the myeloid lineage.

Question 31

What is the common precursor for basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils?

Answer 31

Progranulocyte. It comes from the myeloblast in the myeloid lineage.

Question 32

Which lineage is responsible for the majority of blood cells?

Answer 32

Myeloid lineage. It produces RBCs, platelets, granulocytes (basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils), and monocytes.