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circ-histology and embryology > hematopoiesis > Flashcards

hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

formation of blood cells

A

hematopoiesis

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2
Q

the ultimate object of hematopoiesis

A

maintain constant levels of different cell types in peripheral blood

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3
Q

life span of
RBC:
Thrombocyte:

A

RBC: 120 days
Thrombocyte: 10 days

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4
Q

hematopoiesis begins at ____ of gestation in ____

A

3rd week
wall of yolk sac

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5
Q

between 2-7 months of embryo, hematopoiesis occurs mainly in ____.
in the 2nd trimester ____ also participates.

A

liver
spleen

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6
Q

starting from 7 months of gestation and after birth hematopoiesis occurs in ____

A

bone marrow

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7
Q

initially bone marrow of ____ are functional in hematopoiesis, after age of 25 ____ bones take over.

A

long bones: tibia, femur
flat bones: ribs, sternum, vertebrae

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8
Q

all blood cells arise form a common stem cell called

A

hematopoietic stem cell
=pluripoent stem cell

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9
Q

hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)

A

capable of differentiating into all blood lineages
self-renewal capacity
has CD markers

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10
Q

properties of HSC change during differentiation

potentiality and self renewing capacity ____
typical morphologic characterisc are seen with ____

A

decrease
fully differentiated activity

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11
Q

HSC gives rise to 2 colonies of progenitor stem cell

A

Common myeloid progenitor (CMP)
Common lymphoid progenitor (CLP)

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12
Q

Common myeloid progenitor (CMP) gives rise to

A

Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitor
Megakaryocyte/Erythrocyte Progenitor

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13
Q

Erythrocyte progenitor rise from

A

Megakaryocyte/Eryhtrocyte Progenitor

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14
Q

Megakaryocyte Progenitor rise from

A

Megakaryocyte/Eryhtrocyte Progenitor

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15
Q

Monocyte progenitor rise from

A

Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitor (GMP, CFU-GM)

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16
Q

Eosinophil progenitor rise from

A

Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitor (GMP, CFU-GM)

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17
Q

Neutrophil progenitor rise from

A

Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitor (GMP, CFU-GM)

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18
Q

Basophil/Mast cell progenitor rise from

A

Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitor (GMP, CFU-GM)

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19
Q

Prodendritic cells have 2 origins
Major:
Minor:

A

Major: Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitor
Minor: Common Lymphoid Progenitor

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20
Q

Pre-NK cells rise from

A

Common Lymphoid progenitor

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21
Q

pre-B cells rise from

A

Common Lymphoid progenitor

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22
Q

pre-T cells rise from

A

Common Lymphoid progenitor

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23
Q

Common lymphoid precursors are precursors for ____ cells

A

T, B, NK

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24
Q

Common myeloid precursors are precursors for

A

granulocyte/monocyte
megakaryocyte/erythrocyte lineages

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25
Q

granulocyte/monocyte precursors are precursors for ____ cells

A

neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, dendritic, monocytes

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26
Q

megakaryocyte/erythrocyte precursors are precursors for ____

A

platelets and erythrocytes

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27
Q

erythropoiesis is regulated by ____ which is secreted by ____

A

EPO (erythropoietin)
kidneys

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28
Q

RBC are degraded to 3 components

A

heme: stored as hemosiderin or ferritin
globulin: degraded to aminoacids
bilirubin: sent to liver for conjugation

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29
Q

6 stages of eryhtropoiesis

A

1.proerythroblast
2.basophilic erythroblast
3.polychromatophilic erythroblast
4.ortochromatophilic eryhtroblast (normoblast)
5.polychromatophilic erythrocyte (reticulocyte)
6.erythrocyte

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30
Q

eryhtropoiesis

which stage is this?
-mild basophilicity due to free ribosomes
-component for Hb synthesis begin to accumulate
-large round nucleus

A

proeryhtroblast

31
Q

eryhtropoiesis

basophilic erythroblast characteristics?

A

very basophilic due to abundant polyribosomes
accumulation of Hb just begun
smaller, heterochromatic nucleus

32
Q

eryhtropoiesis

after which stage no mitosis can occur

A

polychromatophilic erythroblast

33
Q

eryhtropoiesis

polychromatophilic erythroblast shows acidophilic and basophilic characteristic because

A

basophilic –> polyribosomes
acidophilic –> synthesized Hb

34
Q

eryhtropoiesis

normoblast other name ?

A

ortochromatophilic erythroblast

35
Q

eryhtropoiesis

ortochromatophilic erythroblast has a ____ nucleus. Its cytoplasm is ____

A

very dense= heterochromatic=pyknotic
acidophilic due to large amount of Hb

36
Q

eryhtropoiesis

when is nucleus extruded?

A

during between transition from normoblast to reticulocyte

37
Q

eryhtropoiesis

which cell is it?
anucleated
polyribosomes form a reticular network

A

polychromatophilic erythrocyte
(reticulocyte)

38
Q

1-2% of RBC are ____

A

reticulocytes

39
Q

eryhtropoiesis

which cell is it?
-mature form
-acidophilic
-devoid of typical organelles

A

erythrocyte

40
Q

eryhtropoiesis

____ concentration increases as cells mature which accounts for the acidophilic apperance.

A

Hemoglobin

41
Q

first recognizable cell of granulopoiesis

A

myeloblast

42
Q

myeloblast characteristic

A

cytoplasm is basophilic
no granules are present
progenitor of promyelocyte

43
Q

granulopoiesis

only stage of production of azurophilic granules

A

promyelocyte

44
Q

granulopoiesis

which stage?
-azurophilic granules
-basophilic cytoplasm
-large spherical uncondensed nucleus

A

promyelocyte

45
Q

granupoiesis

at ____ stage, secondary (specific) granules are form and cells can be subtyped

A

myelocytic stage

46
Q

granulopoiesis

mitotic phase stops at ____ and postmitotic phase begins with ____

A

late myleolytic stage
metamyelocyte

47
Q

neutrophilic myelocyte characteristics?

A

specific granules are produced
nucleus become heterochromatic
last mitosis occurs

48
Q

the unique phase for neutrophil development

A

band cell

49
Q

band cell

A

stage before mature neutrophil
eccentric nucleus is indented (U shaped)
numerous specific granules

50
Q

mature neutrophil other name?

A

polymorphonuclear / segmented neutrophil
due to 3-5 lobed nuclear segments

51
Q

Steps of eosinophil/basophil formation resemble neutrophil formation but ____ and ____ stages are not/rarely observed

A

band
segmented

52
Q

mature eosinophil characteristics

A

nucleus bilobed
eosinophilic granules

53
Q

mature basophil characteristics

A

nucleus obscured by granules

54
Q

true/false

neutrophil has smaller cytoplasmic granules than basophil.

A

true: basophil contains larger cytoplasmic granules

55
Q

Leukemia
blood smear appereance?

A

numerous blastic forms of granulocytes are observed

56
Q

which mature cell is this?
-large kidney shaped nucleus
-2-3 nucleoli
-azurophilic granules

A

monocyte

57
Q

macrophage vs. monocyte

A

when monocytes in blood, leave bloodstream and migrate to specific tissues, the cells are called macrophages

58
Q

macrophage names
bone:
skin:
brain:
liver:
lung:

A

bone: osteoclast
skin: Langerhans
brain: microglia
liver: Kuppfer
lung: Alveolar macrophage

59
Q

fill the order for platelet development

____ –> ____ –> ____ –> platelet

A

megakaryoblast –> promegakaryocyte –> megakaryocyte –> platelet

60
Q

last cell capable of mitosis in platelet development

A

megakaryoblast

61
Q

Promegakaryocyte has ____ nucleus and cytoplasm has ____

A

irregulary shaped
azurophilic granules

62
Q

how does megakaryocyte enlarges?

A

endomitosis
that’s why it is also polyploid

63
Q

megakaryocytes has ____ nucleus due to ____

A

irregularly lobed nucleus
endomitosis (nuclear division without cell division)

64
Q

____ of megakaryocyte denotes the lines for pinching of the platelets

A

demarcation membrane system

65
Q

specialized unit of blood vessel in bone marrow

A

sinusoids

66
Q

sinusoids function

A

barrier between hemopoietic compartment andn peripheral circulation

67
Q

sinusoids have ____ lining and ____ basement membrane

A

endothelial
discontinous

68
Q

red bone marrow lies within ____

A

medullary cavity

69
Q

cells that provides support for the developig blood cells in the bone marrow

A

adventitial / reticular cell

70
Q

bone marrow

adventitial cells produce ____ in order to ____

A

reticular fiber / type III collagen
to create a mesh network and enable movement

71
Q

inactive bone marrow is called ____ and contains ____ cells.

A

yellow bone marrow
adipose

72
Q

how does platelets enter circulation?

A

megakaryocytes form thin processes (proplatelets) that pass through apertures and liberate platelet at their tips

73
Q

aplastic anemia

A

adipose cell are increased with decreasing blood cell precursors

74
Q

bone marrow stabilizes circulation neutrophils because ____

A

it has certain compartments :
-granulopoietic
-storage (reserve)
-circulating
-marginating

circ-histology and embryology (7 decks)

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