Hematopoiesis

Question 1

What day/week does the hematopoiesis begin?

Answer 1

19th day or 2nd week of embryologic development

Question 2

It lines the cavity of the yolk sac arise from mesodermal cells.

Answer 2

Primitive erythroblast

Question 3

The remaining cells surrounding the cavity of the yolk sac and form the future blood vessels.

Answer 3

Angioblasts

Question 4

A continuous, regulated process of blood cell production that includes cell renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and maturation.

Answer 4

Hematopoiesis

Question 5

Primary site of Mesoblastic phase.

Answer 5

Yolk sac

Question 6

What are the measurable amounts of hgb produced by primitive erythroblast?

Answer 6

Hgb portland, Gower-1, and Gower-2

Question 7

The hepatic phase of hematopoiesis begins at what day/weeks?

Answer 7

4-5th gestational weeks or 2nd month

Question 8

In this stage, the developing erythroblast signal the beginning of definitive hematopoiesis with a decline in primitive hematopiesis.

Answer 8

Hepatic phase

Question 9

What is the major site of hematopoiesis during the 3rd month?

Answer 9

Liver

Question 10

First fully developed organ in fetus, becomes the major site of T-cell production.

Answer 10

Thymus

Question 11

Organ that produces B-cells?

Answer 11

Kidney and Spleen

Question 12

The production of megakaryocytes, erythroblast, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphoid cells, hgb F, A and A2 begin during this phase.

Answer 12

Hepatic phase

Question 13

Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and kidney contribute during this phase.

Answer 13

Extra hepatic hematopoiesis

Question 14

Other name for Mesoblastic phase.

Answer 14

Yolk sac phase or Mesenchymal stage

Question 15

These are aggregates of primitive cell.

Answer 15

Blood islands

Question 16

2 compartments in Dualistic/Polyphyletic theory.

Answer 16

1. Hemohistioblast - WBC(grabulocytes), RBC, Platelet

2. Tissue hemohistioblast - agranulocytes, T-cell & B-cell, Plasma cells

Question 17

During this month, the Medullary phase begins.

Answer 17

5th month of fetal life

Question 18

Major site if hematopoiesis by the end of 6th month.

Answer 18

Bone marrow

Question 19

During this stage, mesencyhmal cells(type of embryonic tissue), EPO, G-CSF, GM-CSF, Hgb F, Hgb A and A2 can be detected.

Answer 19

Medullary or Myeloid phase

Question 20

It consist of trabecular bone resembling a honey comb located within the cavities of cortical bones.

Answer 20

Bone marrow

Question 21

How many percent of bone marrow does the children and adult contain?

Answer 21

Children - 4.5%

Adult - 1.5%

Question 22

An active marrow and usually seen during infancy and early childhood

Answer 22

Red marrow

Question 23

The process of replacing active marrow by adipose tissue (yellow marrow).

Answer 23

Retrogression

Question 24

An inactive marrow composed primarily of fat cells/adipocytes.

Answer 24

Yellow marrow

Question 25

In this age, yellow marrow become more abundant and begin to occupy spaces in long bones.

Answer 25

Between 5 and 7 years of age

Question 26

Composed of extravascular cords that contain all developing blood lineages, stem & progenitor cells, adventitial and macrophages.

Answer 26

Red marrow

Question 27

The father of stem cell discovered in 1961.

Answer 27

James Till and Ernest McCullohch

Question 28

Are bone forming cells?

Answer 28

Osteoblasts

Question 29

Bone resorbing cells

Answer 29

Osteoclasts

Question 30

What are the functions of liver?

Answer 30

1. Synthesize various transport proteins 2. Stores mineral and vitamins 3. Conjugate bilirubin from Hgb degradation 4. Transport bilirubin to SI for eventual secretion

Question 31

These are macrophages that removes foreign debris from blood circulation. Also responsible for protein synthesis.

Answer 31

Kupffer cells

Question 32

Largest lymphoid organ in the body.

Answer 32

Spleen

Question 33

Functions of the Spleen.

Answer 33

1. Indiscriminate filter of circulating blood 2. Vital but not essential for life 3. Production of IgM antibodies and complement, both of which can be used to opsonize bacteria.

Question 34

Location of spleen.

Answer 34

Beneath the diaphragm behind fundus of stomach in upper left quadrant of the abdomen

Question 35

Composed primarily of vascular sinusoids and by cords of Billroth. And serves as an important scavenger.

Answer 35

Red pulp

Question 36

Contains lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that help coordinate the immune response and play roles in both innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 36

White pulp

Question 37

2 methods for removing senescent RBCs from the circulation:

Answer 37

1. Culling - cells are phagocytosed with subsequent degradation of cell organelles. 2. Pitting - remove inclusions/damaged surface membrane from circulating RBCs.

Question 38

Bean shaped, 1-5mm located aling lymphatic capillaries.

Answer 38

Lymph nodes

Question 39

Located above the upper part of the anterior mediastinum at about the level of the great vessels of the heart.

Answer 39

Thymus